UK economy

• what has happened?

  primary and secondary sector- declined

  tertiary and quaternary sector - increased

  this pay higher wages and have expanded due to the expansion of public services
• what is the primary sector?

  the extraction and production of raw materials, such as agriculture, mining, and fishing.
• what is the secondary sector?

  Manufacturing and construction industries.
• what is the tertiary sector?


  provides services to individuals and businesses.
• what is the quaternary sector?


  Knowledge-based sector eg. research
• what has caused the changes in sectors?

  deindustrialisation and globalisation - the world becoming more interconnected and government policies
• science parks and business parks?

  science park - Cambridge: group of research based companies

  this employs people from a local university and is easily accessible by roads and transport with good attractive working environments

  business parks - located on the edge of towns where land is cheap and transport is good. majority supply goods and services
• How an industry has become environmentally sustainable - Nissan

  • Zero emissions
  • Reducing pollutants which leads to global warming
  • Batteries are not very efficient and needs to be recharged
• Nissan plant


  • 19000 solar panels and wind turbines
  • Reduced carbon footprint
  • Produces 7% of the plant's electricity, most is generated from coal powered stations
• Use of recycled materials for cars

  • Less pollutants and greenhouse gases
  • Reduction in waste going to landfill
  • Process of recycling aluminium produces toxic chemicals
• population growth in rural areas?

  where? south Cambridgeshire

  social - greater demand for housing, space needed and more rely on services -> increase in house prices and traffic congestion

  economic - lack of affordable housing, more demand for jobs and loss of agriculture employment
• population decline in rural areas?

  where? outer Hebrides

  social - young people move out so less younger population meaning less children -> elderly population require lots of care, businesses and schools could close as less working

  economic - lack of population to use services and shops, tourism has become an important economic activity -> shops close and jobs lost and poorly maintained infrastructure
• what is the evidence for the north and south divide?

  in the north - lower life expectancy, lower house prices and higher employment rates

  south -higher GCSE results and incomes
• what is the causes for the north and south divide?

  deindustrialisation of manufacturing in the north and heavy industries -> the economy declined and people lost jobs and nothing was done to help replace
• what is the strategy to reduce the north and south divide?

  government initiatives to attract businesses to the north, northern powerhouse project -> creates jobs for locals which increases income, the cities are boosted so the wealth in the UK is spread out