functionalism explanations

• Durkheim


  Crime inevitable, not everyone committed due to norms values and create anomie where norms are unclear

  Crime is functional because it creates boundary testing helps identify right and wrong online from mistake- Dr Koki and euthanasia

  Boundary affirming where crime maintains social order reinforces value consensus

  Promote social cohesion, where a unified reaction such as BLM, or Manchester, bombing
• Davis


  Crime is a safety valve, smaller crimes, prevent bigger crimes, such as prostitution prevents sexual harassment as allows them to seek sexual things without breaking marriage
• Clinard


  Crime is a warning device that alerts you to other big crimes and draws attention to defects in society

  Ian Huntley was a caretaker and due to his catastrophe DBS checks in schools were introduced
• merton – strain theory


  due to a American dream, we want goals, and some who don’t have proper institutional means such as education, desire success, which needs to increase crime because they want to achieve goals, and will do anything for the money, so have a strain between societies goals and means to get them
• merton


  Five ways to adapt or respond

  Conformity is accepting both goals and means

  Innovation is accepting only the goals, so do things that drug dealing

  Ritualism is rejecting the goals and being deviant

  Retreat is rejecting both so like druggies

  Rebellion is replacing the goals and means with your own such as terrorism
• Hirschi- control theory


  4 controls that prevent crime are:

  Attachment which is close bonds so don’t want to disappoint

  Commitment which is years of education so don’t want to waste

  Involvement is in like the community so don’t want respect to decrease

  Belief is your upbringing so don’t most socialisation to be a waste

  Evaluation – if someone lacks one of the full control doesn’t mean they commit crime
• Young –


  More likely to commit crime due to decreased involvement and having more time
• subcultural theories


  Cohen – status frustration where teenage boys desire status among peers, but due to work in class, status like material, deprivation and form delinquent subculture, which increases crime

  Miller – working class boys don’t even try to gain academics, assist and have four local concerns such as being mature and thrill seeking

  Cloward & Ohlin- blocked opportunities lead to deviant using illegal means to get the goals and not everyone has equal opportunity in education, so young joined one of three such as criminal conflict or retreated subcultures
• New, right?


  Murray – in adequate socialisation at birth into deviant, norms and values, such as laziness, independency and underclass form and they don’t want to work and depend on government benefits, single mothers and absent fathers, so as they grow up, increases, deviant and crime leads to gangs and aunty school subcultures forming
• Youth subculture crimes


  Non-utilitarian crimes, such as vandalism, joy, riding

  Gang crimes is like drug dealing
• examples


  2011, urban riots – youth did due to poverty about low power and stole anything they could, and this link to Miller and Cohen

  18th Street gangs – 60% illegal immigrants, stole cars, burgled homes and many working class
• critique of functionalist, subcultural theories

  Matza- subculture mainstream values behaviour is adopted on some delinquents field, regret and drifted into deviant

  Subterranean values, such as conventional like further or values of greed, sexuality
• criticism?


  Based on positivity data like that, some more studies focus on men, feminist, said the ignore gender, and Marxist say it’s because of capital