Paper 2 definitions

• Brownfield Land


  Land that has been previously built on. The buildings may still be standing or demolished.
• Dereliction


  Where buildings are left unused or unoccupied.
• Ethnic Minorities


  Groups of people that make up a small proportion of the total population.
• Greenfield Land


  Land that hasn't been built on before, often used for farming or left naturally.
• Hate Crime


  Crimes and vandalism that are motivated by a person's ethnicity or religion.
• Informal Work


  Self-employed or temporary work, which provides a small wage and limited health regulations.
• Integrated Transport


  A system that links different types of transportation to give commuters access to the whole city.
• International Migration


  The movement of people between countries, for work or long term residence.
• Lower Income Country (LIC)

  A country of low wealth and a limited level of development.
• Megacity


  A city with a population greater than 10 million people.
• Middle Income Country (MIC)


  A country of sufficient wealth and a good level of development.
• Multicultural City


  A city that shares and encourages many different cultures and religions, besides the national culture.
• Net Migration


  The total number of people entering minus the number of people leaving a country.
• Population Density


  The amount of people per square area of land. It's a measure of how squashed together or spread out a population is.
• Pull Factors


  Reasons why a person may feel attracted towards living in the city.
• Push Factors


  Reasons why a person may feel they need to move away from a rural area.
• Quality of Life


  The environment and community a person is part of, as well as their health and access to essentials.
• Regeneration


  A city tries to change its appearance or reputation through new building constructions.
• Remittance


  A family member living in a different country can send money back to their country of origin to support their family substantially.
• Respiratory Conditions


  Illnesses that affect your breathing, for example asthma or lung disease.
• Rural-Urban Migration


  Individuals move their homes from a rural area to the urban city, for work opportunities or a better quality of life.
• Scholarships


  Paid places in schools or businesses for people from low income families.
• Segregation


  The exclusion and isolation of a particular group of people.
• Skilled Migrants


  Migrants who have trained for a particular profession, for example doctors or teachers.
• Social Inequality


  The difference in quality of life between the highest income family and lowest income household.
• Sustainability


  A city which has minimal environmental damage and social inequality, whilst conserving resources for the future
• Squatter Settlements


  Clusters of temporary housing which migrants or low income families live in, often built on unfavourable land.
• Unskilled Migrants


  Migrants who haven't been trained or educated for a high-skill profession, for example farmers or shop workers.
• Urban Greening


  Growing more vegetation and trees in the centre of a city. For example, growing plants of office rooftops or mini allotments on pavements.
• Urban Sprawl


  The process of a city growing and spreading out, taking over surrounding greenfield land.
• Brandt Line


  A line that divides developed and developing countries on the world map
• Capitalism


  An economic and political system where trade and other sectors of the economy such as manufacturing are run by private companies for profit. They believe that the richer the country, the more developed it can be.
• Colonialism


  The act of getting control over another country, this involves occupying their land and results in exploitation of people and the country's resources
• Communism


  A system which believes that the population should be classless and equal financially. Goods and the means of production are owned communally (often by the state) instead of being owned by private companies so everyone has access to what they need
• Corruption


  Governments that are dishonest or steal money to remain in power or for financial gain
• Demographic Transition Model


  A model which describes how the population, birth and death rates as a country develops
• Economic Inequality


  The difference in wealth between the richest 10% of a country's population and the poorest 10%
• Frank's Dependency Model


  Describes neo-colonialism and how a country can gain control over a neo-colony through exploitation and economic dependency
• GNI per capita


  The total amount of money earned by individuals or businesses, divided by the population
• Governance


  The management of a place or group of people