kQ2 nature of crimes

• what are vagrants


  wandered from place to place with no home/job

  problem during reign of Liz I

  beg to survive - little poor relief

  associated with crime 'rogues'
• what was a clapper dudgeon


  tie arsenic to their skin - bleed to gain sympathy
• what is a hooker/angler


  knock seeking charity, see into houses and assess, at night return with hook on stick, reach through windows and steal valuables to sell
• what is an Abraham man


  pretend to be mad, threatening behaviour spark pity - charity
• what is a ruffler


  ex soldier, become vagabond and survive on robbing + begging
• what is a dummerer


  pretend to be deaf/mute to beg
• what is a counterfeit crank


  dressed in tatty clothes, faked epilepsy

  soap - mouth foam + drop on floor

  famous = Nicholas blunt who would disguise as vagabond Nicholas jennings
• what is heresy


  not following the religion of the monarch - punishable by death

  1517 - Martin luther's 95 theses called for reforms - sparks protestant reformation across europe
• punishments of heresy


  recant during trials - prison/garrotting

  body burned - free the soul

  public to deter
• welsh example of heretics

  Rawlins white 1555

  Richard Gwyn 1584 in wrexham
• what is treason


  betraying the country or crown

  e.g gunpowder plot during the reign of James I

  due to backlash to political/religious change
• what were Henry VIII treason laws


  broaden definition of treason

  support of the pope

  say/write things against the monarchy

  say the king used his power unjustly
• what was highway robbery


  due to unpoliced roads, limited banking, turnpike roads - rise in travel, demobbed soldiers who had experience with firearms
• types of highway robber

  footpads - target pedestrians, no horse, lowly criminals

  highwaymen - mounted robbers, target stagecoaches + rich, used firearms, work in groups

  dick Turpin famous for his brutality

  target isolated roads around Finchley common + hounslow heath
• decline of highway robbery

  last attack in 1831

  isolated areas being built upon

  Banknotes instead of coins

  policing - fielding brothers, horse patrol of 54 men

  turnpike roads with tollgates
• transport crimes


  speeding - red flag acts set up speed limits

  1933 + 34 >7,000 road accidents

  1996 - 500,000 cars stolen

  joyriding - 10,000 cases per year - youngest boy of 11 in 2012

  drunk driving increase
• terrorism IRA


  end brit rule in Northern Ireland

  nov 1974 2 bomb in Birmingham kill 19 people

  aug 1979 assassinate earl mountbatten

  >3,500 killed In the violence

  targets = police, protestants, armed forces

  march 1993 bomb on warrington high st killed 2 boys

  Good Friday agreement 1998 ends 30 yr conflicts
• terrorism : Meibion Glyndwr


  oppose decline of welsh lang + culture

  1979 - 1994 their arson campaign damages 220 properties
• terrorism : islamist terrorists


  July 7th 2005 - 3 bombs detonated on the underground 1 on a bus

  52 dead, 700 injured

  march 2017 Khalid mahsood speeding on Westminster bridge - stab officer, injured >40, killed 5
• technology crimes


  2015 phishing rose by 21% on previous years costing UK victims £174m