Cell biology

• What is active transport?


  active transport is the movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution with the use of energy from respiration.
• What does differentiation refer to?

  differentiation refers to the process where a cell becomes specialised to its function.
• what is the cell membrane?


  the cell membrane is a partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell, controlling what exits and enters
• what it the cell wall?

  the cell wall is an outer layer made of cellulose that strengths the cell
• what is a chloroplast?


  a chloroplast is an organelle where photosynthesis occurs (plants only)
• what are chromosomes?

  chromosome are DNA structures that are found in the nucleus which are made up of genes
• what is a concentration gradient?

  A concentration gradient is the difference in concentration between two areas
• what is diffusion?


  The spreading out of the particles of any substance in solution from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
• what is an embryonic stem cell?

  an embryonic stem cell is taken from an embryo and can differentiate into most types of human cells.
• what is a eukaryotic cell?

  a eukaryotic cell is a type of cell found in plant and animals that contains a nucleus
• what is magnification?


  magnification is how much bigger an image appears compared to the original object
• what is mitochondria?


  mitochondria is the organelle where respiration occurs.
• what is mitosis?


  mitosis is a type of cell division which produces two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell
• what is a nucleus?


  a nucleus is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material of the cell and controls the cells activites
• what is an organelle?


  an organelle is a specialised structure found in a cell (a small organ)
• what is osmosis?


  osmosis is the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.
• what is a plasmid?

  plasmids are loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
• what is a prokaryotic cell?

  a prokaryotic cell is a type of cell found in bacteria that doesnt contain a nucleus.
• what are specialised cells?

  specialised cells are cells that are adapted to perform a specific function
• what are stem cells?

  Undifferentiated cells that can divide to produce many specialised cells of the same type.
• What is a vacuole?

  The vacuole is an organelle that stores cell sap