Key disease examples

• Malaria


  Infectious, communicable, non-contagious disease
• Malaria


  • Depends on climatic factors - high temperatures, high humidity, and rainfall
  • Cannot develop in areas under 20 degrees or high altitude (cold areas), desert areas or areas with control measurements
  • Mostly affects Africa - Nigeria, DCR, Tanzania
  • Economic development can rapidly transmit the spread
• There were 229 million new malaria cases in 2019
• 67% of malaria deaths were under 5 years old
• HIV/AIDS


  Infectious, contagious, communicable disease
• HIV is most common in South Africa
• Young women who experience partner violence are 50% more likely to catch HIV
• Mother to child transmission and child marriages impact children with HIV in southern Africa, where there are 1.1 million children (0-14) living with HIV
• Many female sex workers in sub-Saharan countries have experienced violence if they carry condoms, leading to higher HIV transmissions due to a lack of education
• There are more condoms used in MSM practice in South Africa, so there are less transmissions, but many men then pass it on to their wife and partners
• HIV spreads through drug transfusion and sharing needles, and 21.8% of people inject drugs in South Africa
• There were 37.7 million cases of HIV/AIDS in 2020, with 2/3 in Africa
• There were 680,000 HIV related deaths in 2020
• Tuberculosis (TB)


  Infectious, contagious and communicable disease
• Someone who knows somebody else who has been affected is more likely to catch TB
• More than 40% of the UK's TB cases are in London
• TB is more concentrated in Southern Africa
• There were 10 million TB cases and 1.5 million TB deaths recorded in 2019
• TB is the most infectious disease in Economically Developing Countries (EDCs)
• Diabetes


  Non-infectious, non-communicable, non-contagious disease
• Lifestyle factors primarily cause diabetes
• Diabetes heavily impacts Economically Developing Countries (EDCs) and Affluent Countries (ACs)
• There were 1.5 million diabetes deaths and 463 million diabetes cases recorded in 2019
• Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)


  Non-infectious, non-communicable, non-contagious disease
• CVD causes 75% of the world's deaths
• CVD is the number 1 cause of deaths globally
• There were 17.9 million CVD deaths recorded in 2019, with 85% caused by strokes and heart attacks
• There are 7.6 million Chagas infections annually (endemic)
• In 2015, there were 25,000 Ebola infections and 10,500 Ebola deaths (epidemic)
• The Spanish flu caused 50 million deaths, which was 1/3 of the global population at the time