Coastal Landscapes

• Attrition is when rocks knock against eachother making them smoother
• Hydraulic Action is when air cracks break a rock.
• Solution is when chemicals dissolve in a rock.
• Abrasion is when rocks hit the base of a cliff and wear it away.
• Wave Cut Platform

  1. Waves attack the bottom of the cliff in storms and high tide.
  2. This creates a wave cut notch.
  3. Weathering weakens the top of the cliff.
  4. It eventually collapses and the sea will remove the rocks and start the process again.
  5. The cliff will move back and leave a rocky platform at the base which is a wave cut platform
• Headland is a high area of land that extends into the sea.
• Stump Formation

  1. Waves cause weaknesses to form cracks at the base of the headland.
  2. The cracks get bigger and form a cave.
  3. Cracks also appear above the enlargening cave to the top of the headland.
  4. The arch grows bigger and collapses , leaving a stack separated from the mainland.
• Hard Engineering is man made things and structures to prevent erosion or protect against erosion, like seawalls and jetties
• Conservation


  Protecting and preserving natural habitats and ecosystems along the coast
• Hard Engineering Pro


  Can prevent erosion and protect against flooding
• Coastal Management Con


  Can harm natural habitats and ecosystems
• Soft Engineering Pro


  Can be a more natural and sustainable solution
• Groynes

  Small, short, and narrow walls or barriers to prevent erosion and protect against storms.

  pro- provides protection and attracts tourists

  con- they can cause sediment starvation further along the coast leading to more erosion in other areas.
• Beach Nourishment is adding sediment onto or adjacent to an eroding beach.

  pro - makes the beach look natural and attracts tourists

  con- sand and shingle wash away so has to be repeated
• Soft Engineering is where natural processes are used to manage eroding coastlines.
• Sea walls are concrete barriers built along the seafront that deflect waves. They prevent flooding.

  pro - very hardwearing, protect against erosion and flooding

  con- need maintenance and are expensive
• Rock Armour are large rocks or boulders that absorb the waves energy.

  pro - they are fairly cheap

  con- they have to be replaced as strong waves can make them move