Pilgrimage of Grace- Henry VIII

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    Created by
    Aimee

    Cards (10)

    • Early modern society changes
      1170:
      > Kings appointed by god
      > Nobility depended on the king for their land
      > No parliament
      > 95% lived in countryside
      > Peasants were tied to land
      Modern:
      > Divine right challenged
      > Land depended on king
      > Parliament grew
      > Villeinage ended by 1450
      > Agricultural society
      > More people began to move to towns
    • Religion in early modern Britain 

      > Europe divided by religion
      > Martin Luther's call for reform- Catholics and Protestants were in constant conflict
      > break with Rome- deep division
    • Non-conformists
      • Protestants who were not apart of the English church
      • New groups: Methodist, Quakers and Baptists
      • believed in equality
    • Impact of new ideas
      • Scientists like Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton challenged the Church's ideas
    • Causes of Pilgrimage of Grace 

      Political
      > Thomas Cromwell and Richard Rich (not nobles) seen to led king astray
      > Upset Henry VIII divorced CofA
      > 1534 Act of Succession- Mary was illegitimate
      Social
      > People from the North felt isolated and neglected
      > Dissolutions Act March 1536
      Religious
      > Return of old ways- catholic masses
      > Rumours of taxes on baptisms, marriage and burials
      > 1535 prayer book- unpopular
      Economy
      > 1535/36 Poor harvest
      > Increased taxes
    • How did the Pilgrimage of Grace spread
      > Lincolnshire were unhappy about dissolution of monasteries
      > Gentry began to join
      > Lincoln Articles were sent to the king
      > 10000 protestors went to Lincoln to wait for Henry's reply
      > King sent army to Lincoln, rebellion melted away
      > Rebels went to Yorkshire- North who hated Henry's religious changes
      > Pontefract was captured and there were revolts in Cumbria, Lancashire, Northumberland and Durham
      > 40000 men joined the revolt including nobles, knights and gentry
    • Robert Aske and Pilgrimage 

      > Lawyer, member of gentry
      > Became leader of Yorkshire rebellion
      > Ask gave Pilgrimage religious identity
      > Wrote a 'Pilgrim's Oath' that those who joined swore to
      > Protect church from the king
    • Pilgrimage: Threat 

      > Biggest internal threat to Henry
      > Pope threat: Instruct all Catholic's to assist
      > Nobles also involved
      > Anger was not confined to just the north
      > Risk another country could use the disruption
      > King could not use local militia in case they joined
    • Henry's reaction
      > King sent an army led by Duke of Norfolk, to Yorkshire only around 8000 men, sent grievances back
      > Bought more time by not replying for week
      > Norfolk ordered to end the rebellion by all means and Henry asked to meet the leaders
      > 'Pontefract Article' - Robert Asks and non-noble pilgrims not invited
      > Article presented to Norfolk at Doncaster in December
      > New revolt broke out at Beverley and Henry used it to go back on his promises
      > 200 people executed, 38 monks and 16 priests
      > Robert Aske was hanged in chains at York
    • Impact of pilgrimage of grace
      > Henry came out stronger
      > Accelerated reforms
      > Made clear how he would deal with opposition
      > Power of Henry's government was reinforced