Pilgrimage of Grace- Henry VIII

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Created by
Aimee

Cards (10)

  • Early modern society changes
    1170:
    > Kings appointed by god
    > Nobility depended on the king for their land
    > No parliament
    > 95% lived in countryside
    > Peasants were tied to land
    Modern:
    > Divine right challenged
    > Land depended on king
    > Parliament grew
    > Villeinage ended by 1450
    > Agricultural society
    > More people began to move to towns
  • Religion in early modern Britain 

    > Europe divided by religion
    > Martin Luther's call for reform- Catholics and Protestants were in constant conflict
    > break with Rome- deep division
  • Non-conformists
    • Protestants who were not apart of the English church
    • New groups: Methodist, Quakers and Baptists
    • believed in equality
  • Impact of new ideas
    • Scientists like Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton challenged the Church's ideas
  • Causes of Pilgrimage of Grace 

    Political
    > Thomas Cromwell and Richard Rich (not nobles) seen to led king astray
    > Upset Henry VIII divorced CofA
    > 1534 Act of Succession- Mary was illegitimate
    Social
    > People from the North felt isolated and neglected
    > Dissolutions Act March 1536
    Religious
    > Return of old ways- catholic masses
    > Rumours of taxes on baptisms, marriage and burials
    > 1535 prayer book- unpopular
    Economy
    > 1535/36 Poor harvest
    > Increased taxes
  • How did the Pilgrimage of Grace spread
    > Lincolnshire were unhappy about dissolution of monasteries
    > Gentry began to join
    > Lincoln Articles were sent to the king
    > 10000 protestors went to Lincoln to wait for Henry's reply
    > King sent army to Lincoln, rebellion melted away
    > Rebels went to Yorkshire- North who hated Henry's religious changes
    > Pontefract was captured and there were revolts in Cumbria, Lancashire, Northumberland and Durham
    > 40000 men joined the revolt including nobles, knights and gentry
  • Robert Aske and Pilgrimage 

    > Lawyer, member of gentry
    > Became leader of Yorkshire rebellion
    > Ask gave Pilgrimage religious identity
    > Wrote a 'Pilgrim's Oath' that those who joined swore to
    > Protect church from the king
  • Pilgrimage: Threat 

    > Biggest internal threat to Henry
    > Pope threat: Instruct all Catholic's to assist
    > Nobles also involved
    > Anger was not confined to just the north
    > Risk another country could use the disruption
    > King could not use local militia in case they joined
  • Henry's reaction
    > King sent an army led by Duke of Norfolk, to Yorkshire only around 8000 men, sent grievances back
    > Bought more time by not replying for week
    > Norfolk ordered to end the rebellion by all means and Henry asked to meet the leaders
    > 'Pontefract Article' - Robert Asks and non-noble pilgrims not invited
    > Article presented to Norfolk at Doncaster in December
    > New revolt broke out at Beverley and Henry used it to go back on his promises
    > 200 people executed, 38 monks and 16 priests
    > Robert Aske was hanged in chains at York
  • Impact of pilgrimage of grace
    > Henry came out stronger
    > Accelerated reforms
    > Made clear how he would deal with opposition
    > Power of Henry's government was reinforced