Health and Lifestyle

• Carbohydrates are the main source of energy and include pasta and potatoes.
• Lipids are fats and oils such as butter and sweet foods.
• Protein is used for growth and repair and include fish and meat.
• Vitamins and minerals are used to keep you healthy in small amounts.
• Water prevents dehydration.
• Fibre is used for gut health.
• Energy in food is measured in joules.
• A balanced diet contains all the nutrients needed for good health, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water, and fibres.
• Eating fatty foods can make you overweight.
• Being overweight can lead to heart disease , stroke , diabetes and some cancers.
• Vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness.
• Vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets.
• Lack of protein can cause kwashiorkor.
• Lack of carbohydrates and energy sources can cause marasmus.
• Digestion is the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
• Digestion

  1. You chew the food and it gets mixed with your saliva.
  2. It goes down the gullet into the stomach.
  3. It gets mixed with digestive juices and acids.
  4. In the small intestine digestive acids and juices from the liver and pancreas complete digestion and then gets absorbed into the blood stream.
  5. The undigested food reaches the large intestine. When water passes through , a solid waste of food is left called feces.
  6. The feces leave your body through the anus.
• An enzyme is a biological catalyst which speeds up chemical reactions without being used up.
• In digestion enzymes break down larger molecules to smaller ones.
• Name 3 enzymes

  lipase

  protease

  carbohydrase
• Stimulants speed up the reactions in your body.
• Depressants slow down the reactions in your body.
• Ethanol is found in alcohol.
• Tar is the sticky substance in ciggarettes.
• The addictive substance in tobacco smoke is nicotine.
• If a pregnant woman smokes there is a higher risk of miscarriage, low birth-weight, development of fetus is affected.
• Recreational drugs are taken for pleasure, enjoyment, or to relieve stress.
• Medicinal drugs are taken for your health.
• Drugs are substances which affect the way the body works.
• Some illegal drugs are cocaine , heroin , marijuana and ecstasy.