ecosystems

• What is respiration?


  The process in which energy is released from the molecules of food which u eat
• where does respiration happen

  in the mitochondria of the cell
• aerobic respiration involves oxygen and is more efficient as all of the food is broken down to release energy
• What is the formula for aerobic respiration

  Glucose+oxygen~carbon dioxide+water
• The glucose is transported to the cells in the blood plasma
• the oxygen is transported to the cells in red blood cells by binding with haemoglobin
• Carbon dioxide is a waste product and is transported from the cells to the lungs to be exhaled
• What is anaerobic respiration?


  A type of respiration which doesn’t use oxygen and is used when the body cannot supply the cells with enough oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration releases less energy than aerobic respiration
• what is the formula for anaerobic respiration

  glucose~lactic acid
• what does the lactic acid produced do


  can cause muscle cramps
• what is oxygen debt


  the build up of lactic acid when there isn’t enough oxygen present in the blood supply to break it down
• what is fermentation


  fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration which occurs in yeast
• instead of producing lactic acid yeast produces ethanol which is a type of alcohol
• what is the formula for fermentation

  Glucose~ethanol+carbon dioxide
• What can the process of fermentation be used for


  Can be used to form alcohol to drink or to allow bread and cakes to rise
• how do nitrates help plant growth

  It is used for healthy growth and if there isn’t enough the plant grows poorly and the leaves turn yellow
• how do phosphates help plant growth

  it provides healthy roots and without it there will be poor growth and the younger leaves will look purple
• How does potassium help plant growth

  It provides the plant with healthy leaves and flowers and without it and there would be yellow leaves with dead patches
• How does magnesium help plant growth?

  It makes chlorophyll and without it the leaves will turn yellow
• What is photosynthesis 


  The process which occurs in chloroplasts to produce glucose using sunlight
• What is the formula for photosynthesis?

  Water+carbon dioxide+sunlight~glucose+oxygen
• What is a producer


  Any organism that can use photosynthesis to produce its own food is known as producer
• What is the rate of photosynthesis affected by

  light intensity

  carbon dioxide concentration

  temperature-when photosynthesis reaches its highest rate of temperature the rate of photosynthesis will be less
• what are the adaptations of leaves for photosynthesis

  they are thin to allow most of the light through

  there is a lot of chlorophyll to absorb light

  they have a large surface area to absorb as much light as possible
• What is stomata?


  Tiny holes found on the bottom surface of the leaf which allows gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf. The carbon dioxide diffuse in and oxygen and water vapour diffuse out
• What are the two main layers of the leaf

  The palisade layer which sre cells packed will cells containing chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs

  The Spongy layer which contains air spaced allowing carbon dioxide to diffuse throughout the leaf and oxygen diffusing out of the leaf
• how is glucose transported to cells

  In the blood plasma
• What product in fermentation allows it to rise

  Carbon dioxide which trapped inside the dough as air bubbles
• What are four adaptations of a leaf for photosynthesis

  Lots of chlorophyll large surface area thin and has veins