Adaptation and Inheritance

• Organisms trying to get the same resources is called competition.
• Animals compete for ...

  food , water , space , mates
• Plants compete for ...

  light , water , space , minerals
• Features that allow animals to survive the best in specific conditions are adaptations.
• Adaptations can be physical or behavioural.
• Camels have long eyes to prevent sand getting into their eyes.
• 3 Adaptions of an animal coping with winter

  Hibernation

  Migration

  Growing thicker fur
• Interaction between predators and pray is Interdependence
• If the population of prey falls the predators will decrease.
• If the population of predators falls the population of prey will increase.
• Differences between organisms is called variation.
• A species is a group of living thing can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.
• Variation that comes from parents is Inherited variation.
• Variation that happen to an organism is environmental variation.
• Discontinuous variation has specific values ... eg

  Blood group

  Eye Color
• Continuous Variation is over a range ... eg

  Height

  Body Mass
• Histogram - Continuous Data

  Bar Graph - Discontinuous Data
• Genetic material is made up of DNA which is found in the nucleus.
• Sections of DNA in the nucleus is called chromosomes.
• Chromosome number varies between species, but humans have 23 pairs (46).
• The shape of DNA is a double helix.
• Thymine + Adenine
• Cytosine + Guanine
• A long string of bases encodes 4 a single protein is a gene.
• A double helix has anti parallel strands.
• The process in which species change over a million years is evolution.
• Fossils are evidence of evolution.
• Natural Selection

  Organisms of a species show variation and the better adapted ones survive and reproduce ( survival of the fittest ) .

  Genes from the successful organisms are passed to the offspring and adaptations of the successful species are more common.
• Peppered Moths

  1. The peppered moths were pale and there were only a few balcm ones ( variation ).
  2. During the industrial revolution , places became more sooty due to smoke meaning the pale ones stood out and got eaten.
  3. The darker moths survived and reproduced and became more common.
• Gene Bank - a store of genetic samples from different species.

  seed bank

  tissue bank

  cryobanks

  pollen banks
• Causes of extinction -

  habitat destruction

  disease

  changes to the environment

  new predators / competitors