Urinary System

• Organs of Urinary System

  • Kidneys
  • Ureters
  • Urinary
  • Bladder
  • Urethra
• Medullary Pyramids - triangular regions of tissue in the medulla.
• Renal Columns - extensions of cortex like material inward
• Calyces - cup-shaped structures that funnel urine towards the renal pelvis
• Location of the Kidneys

  • Against the dorsal body wall
  • at the level of T12 to L3
• Renal Cortex - outer region
• Renal Medulla - inside the cortex
• Renal pelvis - inner collecting tube
• Nephrons - the functional units of the kidney that are responsible for the filtration of blood and the production of urine
• Cortical Nephrons - type of nephrons located in the cortex and includes most nephrons
• Juxtamedullary nephrons - type of nephrons found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
• Glomerulus - a specialized capillary bed and sits within a glomerular capsule and attached to arterioles on both sides
• Peritubular Capillaries - arise from efferent arteriole of the glamerulus and attached to a venule
• Ureters - slender tubes attaching the kidney to the bladder (25 to 30cm or 10 to 12 inches)
• Urinary Bladder - smooth, collapsible, muscular sac, temporarily stores urine and located retroperitoneally in the pelvis just posterior to the pubic symphysis
• Trigone - three opening, two from ureters and one to the urethra
• Urethra - thin-walled tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body by peristalsis.
• 7.35 to 7.45 - number of blood ph to maintain homeostasis
• Normal amount of water in the human body

  
  

  
  

  Young adult females - 50

  Young adult males - 60

  Babies - 75

  Old age - 45
• Urinary Bladder Wall - three layers of the smooth muscle it is thich and folded in an empty bladder
• Micturition - both sphincter muscles must open to allow voiding the activation is from an impulse sent to the spinal cord and then back via the pelvic nerves
• Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) - prevents excessive water loss in urine
• Aldosterone - regulates sodium in content of extracellular fluid
• Alkalosis - ph above 7.45
• Acidosis - ph below 7.35
• Third month - functional kidneys are developed