Endoctrine System

• Endoctrine System - composed of glands and cells that secrete hormones and critical for maintaining homeostasis
• Hormones - chemical messenger, secreted by endoctrine glands or tissues into blood
• Pituitary Gland - small gland in the brain controlled by hypothalamus and secretes at least 6 hormones
• Giantism - Too much Growth hormone
• Dwarfism - little growth hormone
• Luteinizing (LH) - in female it promotes ovulation and progesterone production
• Luteinizing (LH) - in male it is sperm production and testosterone
• Follicle-Stimulating (FSH) - for female it is follicle maturation and estrogen secretion
• Follicle-Stimulating (FSH) - sperm production
• Prolactin - milk production
• Oxytocin - increases uterine contractions during labor
• Diabetes insipidus - kidneys to produce large amounts of dilute (watery) urine and can lead to dehydration and thirst
• Thyroid Gland - controls metabolism or metabolic rate
• Hypothyrodism - decreased metabolism, weight gains, reduced appetite, dry and cold skin
• Hyperthyrodism - increased in metabolism, weight loss, increased appetite and nervousness, highter temp and pulse
• Parathyroid Gland (PTH) - regulates blood calcium levels by stimulation the breakdwn of bone
• Adrenal Gland - located on the top of kidneys and secrete hormones like cortisol aldestosterone
• Epinephrine / Norepinephrine - released as part of flight or fight response
• Aldosterone - casuses sodium and water to be retained and potassium to be secreted
• Cortisol - increases breakdown of fat and protein for energy uses and reduces inflammatory and immune response
• Androgens - male secondary sexual hormones/ chracteristic
• Pancreas - organ in abdomen produces enzymes that help digest food and regulates blood glucose levels
• Insulin - A hormone produced by the pancreas that lowers blood glucose levels
• Type 1 Diabetes - insulin-dependent, pancreas produces little or no insulin
• Type 2 Diabietes - Insulin Resistance/independet - Insufficient insulin produced by the pancreas
• Glucagon - A hormone that increases the breakdown of glycogen into glucose
• Testes - produce sperm and testosterone, located in the scrotum / Testosterone
• Ovaries - produce estrogen and progesterone, which control the menstrual cycle
• Testosterone - male sex hormone, responsible for male characteristics, such as aggression and sexual desire
• Thymosin - promotes immune system development and function
• Melatonin - a hormone that helps regulate sleep and wake cycles. Plays a role in onset of puberty and controls circadian rhytns
• 100-120 days - What is the lifespan of a typical red blood cell
• Antidiuretic Hormone - stimulates the kidneys to conserve water, helps regulate water balance in the body by reducing urine production
• Baroreceptor reflex - name of reflex that helps maintain blood pressure by adjusting heart rate and stroke volume
• Bile - produced by the liver that helps to emulsify fats
• Epididymis - structure in the male reproductive system that stores and matures sperm cells
• Epinephrine - hormone increase heart rate and stroke volume
• Erythropoietin - stimulates the production of red blood cells
• Esophagus - muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
• Estrogen - hormone that is responsible for mentrual cycle