goes through the non-living parts of cells- the cell walls
cells walls are very absorbent so water can diffuse through them as well as passing through the spaces between them
When water in the apoplast pathway gets to the endodermis cells in the root, its path is blocked by a waxy strip in the cell walls, called the Casparian strip.
Now the water has to take the symplast pathway.
This is useful, because it means the water has to go through a plasma membrane.
Cell membranes are partially permeable and are able to control whether or not substances in the water get through
Once past this barrier, the water moves into the xylem.