PCOG LAB - RESINS

• Resin


  More or less solid amorphous products of complex chemical nature, usually hard, transparent or translucent, soften and melt upon heating, burn with a smoky flame, heavier than and insoluble in water, usually insoluble in petroleum ether but dissolve in alcohol, chloroform, ether, acetone, carbon disulfide, fixed and volatile oils, and in solutions of chloral hydrate, many yield resin soaps when boiled with alkalies
• Classification of Resins


  • Acid Resins
  • Resin Alcohols
  • Resenes
  • Glycoresins
  • Ester Resins
  • Oleo-Gum-Resins
  • Oleoresins
  • Balsam
• Acid Resins


  • Contain large proportion of oxy-acids usually combining the properties of carboxylic acids and phenols, occur both in the free state and esters, soluble in aqueous solutions of the alkali, usually forming soap like solutions or colloidal suspensions
• Resin Alcohols


  • Complex alcohol of high molecular weight, known as resinotanols, give tannin reaction with iron salts
• Resenes


  • Complex neutral substances devoid of characteristics chemical properties, do not form salts or esters and are insoluble in and resist hydrolysis by alkalies
• Glycoresins


  • Complex mixtures yielding sugar and complex resin acids on hydrolysis as with the resin of jalap
• Ester Resins


  • Contain esters as the chief constituents of the resins (Benzoin and storax)
• Oleo-Gum-Resins


  • Mixture of resins, gum, volatile oil, and frequently, small quantities of other substances, the principal oleo-gum-resins are myrrh and asafetida
• Oleoresins


  • Homogenous mixtures of resins and volatile oils
• Balsam


  • Resinous mixture that contain large proportions of cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, or both ester of these acids
• Extraction by making Incisions


  Resin is usually collected by causing minor damage to the tree by making a hole far enough into the trunk to puncture the vacuoles, to let sap exit the tree, known as tapping, and then letting the tree repair its damage by filling the wound with resin
• Steam Distillation


  Used mainly to extract essential oils from plants, the plant material is placed into a still where pressurized steam passes through, the heat from the steam causes globules of oil in the plant to burst and the oil then evaporates, the essential oil vapor and the steam then pass out the top of the still into a water cooled pipe where the vapors are condensed back to liquids
• Maceration


  Creates more of an "infused oil" rather than an "essential oil", the plant matter is soaked in vegetable oil, water, or another solvent
• Cold pressing


  Used to extract the essential oils from citrus rinds, the rinds are separated from the fruit, are ground or chopped and are then pressed
• High Pressure CO2 Extraction

  Uses Carbon Dioxide to extract the alkaloids, essential oils, or resins from the plant when liquefied under pressure, once the liquid depressurizes, the carbon dioxide returns to gaseous state, and only pure essential oil, resins, or alkaloids remain
• Solvent Extraction


  A hydrocarbon solvent is added to the plant material to help dissolve the essential oil, when the solution is filtered and concentrated by distillation, a substance containing resin (resinoid), or a combination of wax and essential oil (known as concrete) remains
• Hydrochloric acid test


  Pink coloration of the solution
• FeCl3 test


  Greenish blue coloration of the solution
• Acetic anhydride test


  Formation of Orange to yellow color
• Tincture Alkana/ Alkanna Tinctoria Test


  Red colors or red coloration
• Philippine Sources of Resin & Resin Combination

  • Almaciga
  • Mangostan
  • Kamokamotihan
  • Aurorang Gubat
  • Lansones
  • Bitaog
  • Sileng Haba
  • Sileng Labuyo
  • Dilaw
  • Luya-Luyahan
  • Mangga
  • Kamia
  • Chico
  • Balete
• Resins for Organoleptic Evaluation

  • Rosin
  • Podophyllum
  • Jalap
  • Turpentine
  • Copaiba
  • Aspidium
  • Myrrh
  • Asasfetida
  • Benzoin
  • Tolu
  • Storax
• Lansones


  Other Names: Queen of Philippines Fruits
• Balete


  Other Names: Indian Rubber Tree, Lunok
• Almaciga


  Scientific Name & Family: Agathis alba (Pinaceae)
• Mangostan


  Scientific Name & Family: Garcinia mangostana (Clusiaceae/Guttiferae)
• Kamokamotihan


  Scientific Name & Family: Ipomoea hederacea (Convolvulaceae)
• Aurorang Gubat


  Scientific Name & Family: Ipomoea digitata (Convolvulaceae)
• Bitaog


  Scientific Name & Family: Calophyllum inophyllum (Clusiaceae)
• Sileng Haba


  Scientific Name & Family: Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae)
• Dilaw


  Scientific Name & Family: Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae)
• Luya-Luyahan


  Scientific Name & Family: Curcuma zedoaria (Zingiberaceae)
• Mangga


  Scientific Name & Family: Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae)
• Kamia


  Scientific Name & Family: Hedychium coronarium (Zingiberaceae)
• Chico


  Scientific Name & Family: Achras zapota (Sapotaceae)
• Balete


  Scientific Name & Family: Ficus benjamina (Moraceae)