ENQ1

• does Mackinder's geostrategic heartland theory still exist

  has become antiquated
• why has Mackinder's heartland theory become antiquated

  suggested that location good for protection:

  • true but as country's develop able to spend more on defence so physical geo not needed

  physical resources are not needed in a domestic domain to be powerful:

  • international trade
• % of the world population that the British Empire controlled in 1920

  20%
• position of China on the global fire power review

  3rd out of 145
• neo-colonial mechanism

  • TNCs
• example of China economic power

  • Large TNCs such as Geely
  • 2nd largest economy in the world
  • demographic dividend
• example of India economic power

  • 5th largest economy in the world
  • Tata Group
• what is the TaTa group can example of

  reverse colonialism
• where is India ranked on the global fire power index

  4th out of 145
• where is India on the corruption rank

  80/180
• where is Brazil on the GFP

  12 out of 145
• what will hold China back

  Political influence is minimal + conflict with USA
• what will hold India back

  Political influence, soft power, military
• how has China expanded is global social profile

  • Beijing Olympics
  • Shanghai expo
• is the modernisation theory still relevant

  states that have to use free market capitalism but China has not and neither has Saudi Arabia
• is dependency theory still relevant

  growing S-S trade
• what is a criticism of world systems

  descriptive rather than analytical
• what does the dependency theory not allow for 


  developing countries to have a say in their own development
• where might modernisation theory not work

  where trade liberalism has not led to economic development
• what effect has given China more power

  the China effect
• how were colonies controlled in Empire

  • British military personnel
  • symbols of imperial power e.g., presidential palace in Delhi
  • acculturation - British traditions e.g., Cricket
• how might empire be justified

  • improve through colonisation
  • British were natural rulers
  • social Darwinism
• what is social Darwinism

  might is right

  • strong survive over the weak
• economic factors that led to the decline of the British empire

  overspent during the war
• fall of the british empire - military 


  heavy loss during the war
• fall of the british empire - colonies

  demanding independence
• example of colonies demanding independence from empire

  "white colonies" in Canada and Australia
• pro and con of unipolar

  stable but hard to maintain
• pro and con of bipolar

  depends on cooperation of countries

  • stand off
  • break down in relationship
• nature of multipolar

  • unstable
  • lack of dominant power leads to conflict - especially as patriotism rises
• how much of south America GDP does Brazil produce

  50%
• where is it that corruption is a barrier to superpower status

  Brazil
• what does the modernisation theory assume

  all nations start from the same point
• colonialism prevents which development theory

  modernisation
• modernisation misses out 


  how get capital so that can move from stage one and 2
• which theory does not consider that underdevelopment is from internal factors rather than external

  dependency
• indirect economic control 


  aid, TNCs, FDI
• indirect military control 


  alliances e.g., NATO
• indirect cultural control 


  use of media so people subscribe to your way of life

  • Hollywood
• indirect political control 


  alliance, spread of democracy