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3.3.1 introduction to organic chemistry
PMT notes
3.3.1.3. isomerism
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what are isomers?
molecules
with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of
atoms
within the molecule
structural
isomers
different
structural
arrangement of atoms - can be
straight
chains or branched chains but will have the same molecular formula
position isomers
have the functional group of the molecule in a
different
position of the
carbon
chain
functional group isomers
have a different arrangement of the same molecular formula so that the molecule has a different
functional group
stereoisomers
different
spacial
arrangement
E-Z isomerism
limited rotation around a double carbon bond means that groups can either be
'together'
or
'apart'
E/Z
isomerism
Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Priority Rules -
E/Z
isomerism
the
atom
/group on each side of the double bond with the higher Ar/Mr is given the
higher
priority
these groups are used to determine if it is the
E
or
Z
isomer