Agrarian

• PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD


  • Land was not a problem
  • The size of land to cultivate depended on the ability of one to till and manage
  • The size would depend much on how many pairs of hands there were in the family
  • Farm labor was done with hands and a few bamboo or wooden implements
  • It was then a rule that each family should have a piece of land, for it is the source of their cereal and an assurance for their children
• Colonization


  • Things changed in 1565 when the colonial government was established by de Legazpi
  • The Philippines was his royal hacienda and all lands belong to him
• SPANISH PERIOD


  1. Natives were forced out of their homes, forcefully dispossessed of their productive land

  2. They were resettled into a new piece land called pueblo which was owned by the King of Spain

  3. The pueblo was not intended for the native farmers to be productive but to make it easy for the tribute collectors to gather and move the tribute collection

  4. Even the private encomiendas belonged to the king with the encomendero acting only as a tribute collector
• Pueblo dwelling


  • Subjected the natives into institutional forced labor
  • Work which the gobernadorcillos and cabezas de barangay became agents-collectors of the need to supply workers for a work project intended for the state
  • The contract for each worker was 40 days of work once a year without salary which could coincide with the work in the farm
  • Absence in this work would penalize the native males 16 to 60 years old with 1.5 reales per day
• Inquilinos


  • Chinese immigrants and Chinese mestizos who had the money, were given the opportunity to work on a bigger parcel of land in return for a rent which they paid to the friar order
  • The Rizal family, of Chinese descent, was able to accumulate wealth as they rented a portion of land in Calamba, a Dominican friar hacienda
• Kasama system


  The agrarian relations in which the Americans found themselves in an underdeveloped economy with growing tension.
• Japanese Occupation


  • More agrarian problems came about due to disaffection of tenant-farmers in their land.
  • In Central Luzon the agrarian conflict has escalated into a bloody insurgency war between the government forces and the remnants of the Hukbalahap.
• President Aquino fell into criticism when Hacienda Luisita with which her family was co-owner was not expropriated to farmers. It was reduced into stock option, giving farm workers shares of stock rather than title of ownership.
• Agrarian Reform reflects a crucial effort to address historical land injustices and improves social equity. It was launched to manage land concentration and poverty in rural areas. It was essential in providing land to landless farmers, fostering rural development, and empowering marginalized communities. Despite challenges, its implementation remains important for the sustainable economic growth and social progress of the Philippines.
• Understanding and carrying out effective agrarian reforms can help to economic development by increasing farmer productivity and income, which in turn can increase the country's overall economic growth.
• Agrarian reform leads to effective and environmentally friendly land use, which improves national food security. Farmers are more likely to invest in agricultural practices that boost productivity and food production when they have safe access to land.
• Things changed in 1565 when the colonial government was estalished by de Legazpi King of Spain The Philippines was his royal hacienda and all lands belong to him

  MIGUEL LOPEZ DE LEGZAPI
• A french man who had a major role in sugar industry in the Philippines

  Yves Leopold Gaston Agustin
• Filipino Spanish who also had a major role in sugar industry of the Philippines

  Jose Luiz de Luzuriaga