Classics

• 1. Etiological Myth:

  • Definition: Explains origins of natural phenomena or cultural practices, reflecting cultural beliefs and values.

  1. Historical Myth:

  • Definition: Blends history with myth and legend, preserving cultural memories and imbuing events with symbolic significance.

  1. Psychological Myth:

  • Definition: Explores universal human experiences and emotions, delving into the depths of the human psyche through archetypal characters and symbols.
• Etiological myth


  Myth that explains the origin of something, like a natural phenomenon or object
• Psychological myth


  Myth that explores themes of human behavior and the nature of desire
• The myth of Narcissus is both etiological and psychological
• Narcissus's vanity and rejection of Echo's love

  Led to his downfall
• Ovid: '"He pines away watching his own eyes, nor does he know what fire is or what water is, or what he himself is who loves and hates."'
• Echo's story warns against revealing other people's secrets as it leads to her own demise
• Acoetes believed Bacchus was a god because Bacchus demonstrated divine powers and abilities
• Prophet


  A person believed to have the ability to communicate with the divine or supernatural realm and receive revelations or prophecies about future events
• The blind prophet in Greek mythology is named Tiresias
• Pentheus's story teaches us about the consequences of arrogance and disbelief in the divine
• Pentheus is killed by his own mother, Agave, and other Bacchic worshippers in a state of frenzied madness induced by Bacchus
• Pentheus's arrogance and disbelief in the gods

  Led to his tragic end
• Pentheus's story is a mythological tragedy, showcasing the downfall of a character due to their hubris and defiance of divine forces
• Oedipus's parents sent him away after his birth due to a prophecy that foretold he would kill his father and marry his mother
• Oedipus can be considered a good person because of his intelligence, courage, and determination, but also a bad person due to his unwitting fulfillment of the prophecy
• Oedipus's story is a mythological tragedy, depicting the downfall of a noble hero due to fate and his own actions, as well as exploring themes of fate, free will, and the consequences of hubris
• Zeus


  King of the gods, ruler of Mount Olympus, and god of thunder
• Hera


  Queen of the gods, goddess of marriage and family
• Athena


  Goddess of wisdom, courage, and warfare
• Apollo


  God of the sun, music, poetry, and healing
• Poseidon


  God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses
• Jupiter


  Equivalent to Zeus, king of the Roman gods
• Juno


  Equivalent to Hera, queen of the Roman gods
• Minerva


  Equivalent to Athena, goddess of wisdom and war strategy
• Neptune


  Equivalent to Poseidon, god of the sea and earthquakes
• Hades


  God of the Underworld, ruling over the realm of the dead
• Styx


  River that forms the boundary between the world of the living and the Underworld
• Cerberus


  Three-headed dog guarding the entrance to the Underworld
• Charon


  Ferryman who transports souls across the river Styx into the Underworld
• Tartarus


  Deepest region of the Underworld, reserved for the punishment of the wicked
• Dis Pater


  Roman equivalent of Hades, ruler of the Underworld
• Acheron


  River of pain, one of the rivers in the Underworld
• Elysium


  Heavenly realm in the Underworld reserved for the souls of the virtuous
• The Greeks believed that their gods were responsible for controlling different elements of nature such as thunderstorms, earthquakes, and fertility.
• Greek mythology also provided moral lessons to people about how they should behave towards others.
• Sure, here are brief definitions for each:

  1. **Etiological Myth:**

  - *Definition:* Explains the origins of natural phenomena, cultural practices, or rituals.

  2. **Psychological Myth:**

  - *Definition:* Explores universal human experiences, emotions, and psychological truths.

  3. **Historical Myth:**

  - *Definition:* Blends historical events with elements of myth and legend, preserving cultural memories and imbuing events with symbolic significance.
• Pandora


  A figure created by the gods as a punishment for Prometheus's theft of fire
• Creation of Pandora


  • Created by Hephaestus and Athena
• Gifts given to Pandora

  Beauty, charm, and curiosity