Ageing

• Rotterdam study


  Engelhart

  increase intake of vit E had 40% decline in rate of their AD

  Vit C decreased AD risk

  antioxidants reduce oxidative stress reduces AD risk
• Fatty acids


  unsaturated fats increase good cholesterol

  trans fats and saturated fats are linked to cognitive decline
• Evidence for immune function

  60% of genetic risk for AD is to genes express primarily by microglia

  -post mortem microglial activation

  -elevated inflammatory proteins

  -pharmaco-epidemiological studies

  -clinical trial results disappointing eg: ibuprofen
• PREADVISE


  prevention of alzheimer's by vit E and Selenium low incidence of dementia in group with intervention
• BENEFIC trial


  brain energy functional imaging and cognition trial MCT drug group increase in cog function improved memory, attention processing speed
• VitaCog


  homocysteine lowering B vit may not have had effect alone but combined with other vit decreased brain atrophy rates
• Retjes


  vit and min supplementation help maintain cog function in people without cog impairments vit and min intake correlated with later life cog function
• Newport


  multi-chain triglycerides rapidly convert MCTs into ketones without allowing side effects of the diet prevented cog decline
• Setien-suero 2016


  positive trend between cog decline and increased plasma homocysteine levels although vit D failed to reduce cog decline in this study
• PERIMED


  17% decrease in risk of AD with med diet
• nutritional psychiatry


  ketones could benefit mental health conditions could be linked to increase in GABA
• AGEs


  Cao(2019)

  advanced glycation end products

  40% increased risk of MCI 90% increase AD

  Increased sat fats in diet increase amyloid plaques
• Polyphenols


  mixed research blueberries increased cognition and animal studies found benefits of polyphenols in red wine and chocolate but not replicable in humans
• Smith 2919


  decreased brain atrophy in those who took B12
• Katzman 1988


  biological symptoms of amyloid plaques didn't match clinical symptoms post-mortems of high amyloid plaques had little to no symptoms more likely linked to cog reserve effected by diet
• Jonason 2019


  poor diet causes LT inflammation increasing oxidative stress and AD. Microglial (inflam response) increased in those with AD
• Walker 2017


  midlife inflammation linked to decreased brain size
• Cardoso 2017


  selinum conc low in people with alzheimers selinum helps protect against oxidative damage
• Veneman


  Ketones preserve cog function during clamp induced hypos hypometabolism of glucose found in those predisposed to AD like APOE4 gene but using ketones migates effect