Digestive System

• Digestion - breakdown of food
• Metabolism - production of cellular energy or ATP
• Uvula - fleshy projection of the soft palate in mouth
• Soft palate - forms the posterior roof
• Hard palate - form the anterior roof
• cheeks - form the lateral walls
• lips - protect the anterior openin
• Mastication - means chewing or crushing food with the teeth and the muscles of the mouth
• Vestibule - space between lips, teeth and gums
• Oral cavity - area contained by the teeth
• tounge - attached at hyoid and styloid processes of the skull and by the lingua frenulum
• Tonsils - palatine tonsil and lingual tonsils
• Nasopharynx - not part of the digestive system
• Oropharynx - posterior to oral cavity
• Laryngopharynx - below the oropharnyx and connected to the esophagus
• Esophagus - passageway of food only and coducts peristalsis or slow rhythmic squeezing
• Pharynx - passageway for air and food
• Mucosa - innermost layer of alimentary canal
• Submucosa - beneath the mucosa and soft connective tissue with blood vessels and nerve endings
• Lesser omentum - attaches the liver to the lesser curvature
• Greater omentum - attached greater curvature to the posterior body wall
• Chyme - processed food to the small intestine
• Stomach - storage tank for food and site of chemical breakdown of protein begins
• Duodenum - attached to the stomach and curves around the head of the pancreas
• Jejunum - attaches anteriorly to the duodenum
• Illeum - extends from jejunum to large intestine
• Small intestine - body's major digestive organ, it is site for nutrient absorption into the blood
• Large intestine - absportion of water and eliminated indigestible food from the body as feces
• cecum - saclike first part of the large intestine
• Appendix - accumulation of lymphatic tissue that sometimes becomes inflamed or appendicitis
• Salivary glands - saliva producing gland
• Villi - fingerlike structure and give the small intestine more surface area
• Microvilli - small projections of the plasma membrane
• Circular folds / plicae circulares - deepfolds of the mucosa and submucosa
• Saliva - mixture of mucus and serous fluid and helps to form a food bolus
• Pancreas - wide spectrum of digestive enzymes hat break down all categories of food
• Teeth - the role is masticate or chew the food
• 32 - full set of teeth
• Liver - largest gland in the body and connected to the gall bladder via common hepatic duct
• Bile - produced by the cells in the liver