.2 mitosis and the cell cycle

• Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, important for growth and repair.
• The process of mitosis involves interphase (G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase), metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
• During the cell cycle the genetic material is doubled and then divided into two identical cells.
• Before a cell can divide it needs to grow and increase the number of sub-cellular structures such as ribosomes and mitochondria. The DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome.
• In mitosis one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides.
• Cell division by mitosis is important in the growth and development of multicellular organisms.
• the cell cycle:


  4 steps:

  
• function of stem cells in embryos


  providing the raw material for the development of all tissues and organs in the embryo and all the extra‐embryonic tissues.
• the function of stem cells in an adult:

  regenerating tissues for renewal and damage repair.
• the function of stem cells in animals

  to treat illness and heal injuries