china

• Tibetan plateau


  southwest china

  flat topography

  cold and annual temperature of -2 degrees

  population < 50 km^2

  stores of freshwater

  Yangtze and yellow river sourced here

  threatened by floods and deforesting permafrost
• persecution of Tibetans 


   forced labor and forced sterilization of women

  widespread famine from the destruction of farmland and irrigation systems

  the transfer of Han majority people into the region

  This is because Tibet has natural resources that china needs and Xi sees them as being in the way of Chinese development
• persecution of Uighur muslims

  face similar repression and treatment of the Tibetans

  located in Xinjiang province which is economically important to china

  Xi's belt and road initiative where 3 out of 6 corridors run though Xinjiang

  has largest gas reserve and 40% of china's national total of coal
• Yangtze delta 


  35% of China's freshwater

  water availability 2144 m

  generates 20% of China's GDP

  Three Gorges Dam on this river is the largest hydro-electric power station in the world

  frequent floods - 2016 floods caused $22 billion in damages

  2/3rds of the river is unsafe to drink

  190 million people suffer from water related illness
• Han Chinese make up 92% of the population where there is 56 ethnic groups
• Huko system 


  internal passport that allows people to move between cities

  before 2003 migrant workers could be evicted from cities and stopped from moving

  not being a local in a city restricts the schools you can go to and the housing you can get
• UHC - universal healthcare coverage

  95% of the population have access to healthcare

  healthcare reform 2009

  Healthy china 2030
• Diabo 


  welfare system in china

  minimum livelihood guarantee

  86% of those claiming it in urban areas did not need it

  only 11% in rural areas qualified

  not been successful

  Used for corruption
• North china plain 


  along the coast to the east

  Beijing is located to the northeast edge of the plain

  most densely populated regions in the world

  most important agricultural regions, it produces wheat, maize, cotton, and various vegetables

  plain is vulnerable to both floods and droughts

  Mao's Great Leap Forward accelerated the construction of waterworks on the North China Plain during 1957-1958
• yellow river 


  2% of China's resource

  large population in its basin

  2nd largest river in China

  frequent floods before construction of modern dams

  15 hydro electric power dams built on the river
• open door policy 1978


  Dengs policy to achieve economic growth through introduction of foreign direct investment and joint ventures maintaining its commitment to communism

  e.g joint venture between Chinese automotive Cherry and Jaguar land rover
• Special Economic zones 


  1980 under Deng 5 SEZ set up along the coast

  Shenzhen being the first special economic zone

  SEZs have encouraged rural to urban migration
• Schenzhen


  first special economic zone in China

  attracted foreign direct investment

  home to one of the largest stock exchanges in the world

  among the cities with the largest economies in the world

  global hub for technology, research and manufacturing

  dubbed china's silicon valley
• Hambantota international port Sri Lanka

  China helped pay $1.12 billion to Sri Lanka

  an agreement was signed that allowed a 70% stake and a 99 year lease on the port

  estimate of 36,000 ships use the route annually

  this is an example of Xi's policy of soft power and his belt and road initiative
• Belt and road initiative

  2013

  to invest in more than 150 countries and international organisations

  6 urban land corridors linked by road, rail, energy and digital infrastructure

  The participating countries include almost 75% of the world's population and account for more than half of the world's GDP

  increasing influence through soft power
• Shanghai

  most populated city in China

  worlds busiest port

  global importance technology and business

  located on the east china coast

  a SEZ
• spratly island 


  south china sea

  disputed claims on ownership between China, Philippians and Taiwan

  China claims all the south China sea and building artificial islands for claims over their EEZ

  Political and economic interest of the islands
• Sichuan province 


  located in west China

  High GDP

  mild climate

  fertile soil

  Chengdu is the capital and has 2 international airports

  Chengdu Jintang Power Plant is a 3,200MW coal fired power project
• Shengli oil field 


  second largest oil field in china

  located in yellow river delta

  completed 2013 producing 27.762 million tons of crude oil
• Tarim Basin


  located in Xinjiang

  longest inland river

  holds water in ice reserves but experiences little precipitation leading to water insecurity
• Gobi desert 


  northern china

  rapid temperature change

  faces desertification
• south-north water transfer project

  construction began 2003

  mao outlined a need for a mass engineering project to fix China's water problems in the 1950s

  2014 $79 billion had been spent

  project caused environmental damage and polluted yangtze has killed fish, local have been displaced
• china accounts for 28% of global greenhouse gas emissions
• 2020 Xi announced China would be carbon neutral by 2060 but has not outlined how this will happen
• solar power station being built in Gobi desert which could supply 1 million homes with electricity