Humanistic approach

• Who developed client-centered therapy?

  Rogers
• What was client-centered therapy developed to reduce?

  The gap between the self-concept and the ideal self
• What is client-centered therapy also called?

  Counselling
• What was developed by Rogers to reduce the gap between the self-concept and the ideal self?

  Client-centered therapy or 'counselling'
• Where did Rogers claim issues we experience as adults come from?

  A lack of unconditional positive regard in childhood
• What are conditions of worth?

  When a parent places limits or boundaries on their love of their children
• Conditions of worth: When a parent places limits or boundaries on their love of their children
• Rogers argued that for personal growth to be achieved, an individual's concept of self must be in congruence with their ideal self
• What is congruence?

  When the self-concept and ideal self are seen to match
• Congruence: When the self-concept and ideal self are seen to match
• What is the aim of Rogerian therapy?

  Congruence
• What is incongruence?

  When there is too big a gap between the self-concept and ideal self
• What will happen if there is too big of a gap between the self-concept and ideal self?

  Incongruence and self-actualisation will not be possible
• Why wont be self-actualisation be possible if a person is experiencing a state of incongruence?

  Because they're experiencing negative feelings of self-worth arising from incongruence
• What is the effect of a parent placing conditions of worth on a child?

  Stores psychological problems for them in the future
• What did Rogers see one of his roles as an effective therapist as being?

  Providing unconditional positive regard
• What is the fifth and uppermost level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

  Self-actualisation
• What is the first level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

  Physiological
• What is the second level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

  Safety
• What is the third level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

  Love and belongingness
• What is the fourth level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

  Self-esteem
• Who produced a hierarchy of needs that motivate our behaviour?

  Maslow
• To move up a level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the current need must be met
• How do we achieve self-actualisation?

  Meeting other deficiency needs
• What type of approach is the humanistic approach?

  Holistic
• What does it mean to be a holistic approach?

  Focuses on free will
• What does the humanistic approach claim?

  Human beings are self-determining and have free will
• Humanistic psychologists Rogers and Maslow reject scientific models attempting to establish general principles of human behaviour
• What is the humanistic approach often referred to as?

  A person-centred approach
• All four lower levels of the hierarchy must be met before an individual can work towards self-actualisation
• What is self-actualisation?

  The desire to grow psychologically and fulfil ones full potential
• Self-actualisation: The desire to grow psychologically and fulfil ones full potential
• What is free will?

  Humans can make choices and their behaviour/thoughts are not determined by internal biological or external forces
• Humanistic psychologists regard personal growth as an essential part of what it is to be human
• What is personal growth concerned with?

  Developing and changing as a person to become fulfilled, satisfied and goal-orientated
• What are the two strengths of the humanistic approach?

  Not reductionist

  Optimistic
• What are the two limitations of the humanistic approach?

  Culturally-biased

  Limited application
• Why has client-centred therapy been praised?

  As it is forward-looking and an effective approach -focuses on present problems
• What did Rogers refer those in therapy as instead of patients?

  Clients
• Why did Rogers refer to those in therapy as clients instead of patients?

  He saw the individual as the expert on their own condition