Module 2

• Earth's atmosphere has five layers, with the troposphere being closest to the surface.
• Earth's atmosphere consists mostly of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%).
• The atmosphere is the gaseous layer that surrounds Earth.
• The atmosphere is the gaseous layer that surrounds Earth
• Air pollution refers to any change in air quality caused by human activities, resulting in negative impacts on health or the environment.
• Troposphere - where weather occurs (cloud formation)
• The biosphere is where life exists on Earth.
• Hydrosphere refers to all water on or near the earth's surface.
• Lithosphere includes rocks that make up the crust and upper mantle.
• The greenhouse effect is caused by gases like carbon dioxide trapping heat from the sun within Earth's atmosphere.
• Carbon dioxide levels have increased due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
• Human activity has led to an increase in global temperatures over time.
• The atmosphere is divided into different layers based on altitude and temperature.
• Natural resources


  Materials created in nature that are used and usable by humans
• Natural resources


  • Soil, water, energy supplies (e.g., coal, gas), plants, sunshine, fossil fuels, air, wildlife, metals, minerals
• Types of natural resources according to renewability

  • Renewable
  • Non-renewable
• Renewable resources


  Energy from sources that are naturally replenishing but flow-limited
• Non-renewable resources


  Resources that will run out or will not be replenished in our lifetimes—or even in many, many lifetimes
• Types of natural resources based on their stage of development

  • Potential resources
  • Actual resources
  • Reserve resources
  • Stock resources
• Potential resources


  Resources that exist in a region and may be used in the future
• Actual resources


  Resources that have been surveyed, their quantity and quality has been determined, and they are currently being used
• Reserve resources


  Part of an actual resource that can be developed profitably in the future
• Stock resources


  Resources that have been surveyed, but cannot be used due a lack of technology
• Metal mineral ores in the Philippines

  • Copper, Gold, Nickel, Chromite
• Philippine natural resources


  • Metal mineral ores
  • Water resources
  • Forest resources
• Deforestation is the intentional clearing of forested land
• Deforestation is the conversion of forest to other land use independently of whether human-induced or not
• Causes of deforestation


  • Industrial and agriculture
  • Mining
  • Expansion and infrastructure
• The annual fishing ban for round scad or "galunggomg" started on November 1, 2023, and would last until January 31, 2024
• Causes of marine depletion

  • Overfishing
  • Illegal fishing
  • Human population growth
  • Pollution
  • Advancement of Technology
• Environmentalists in the Philippines

  • Ms. Gina Lopez, DENR Secretary
  • Retired Supreme Court Justice, Antonio Carpio
• Natural Resource Management (NRM)

  Strategies intended to sustain both renewable and non-renewable resources for present and future use
• Natural Resource Management (NRM) requires the participation of local communities for their sustainable management
• The government should actively promote private sector participation in initiatives and projects for Natural Resource Management
• Examples of Natural Resource Management strategies

  • Irrigation water management
  • Soil and water conservation
  • Community forestry
  • Community-based coastal zone fisheries management
  • Conservation of biodiversity
• Extracting, processing and using natural resources can cause pollution of air, land and water, destruction of ecosystems and a decrease in biodiversity
• Reduce, reuse, and recycle are the ways to conserve natural resources
• The decisions we make today will resonate through generations and reverberate through every level of our economy