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• RA 9514


  The Fire Code of the Philippines
• Repealing presidential decree no.1185

  December 19, 2008
• Tetrahedron of Fire


  • Oxygen
  • Fuel
  • Heat
• Oxygen


  • Air contains about 21 percent oxygen, and most fires require at least 16 percent oxygen content to burn
• Fuel


  • Any combustible materials. Fire is classified based on its fuel
• Fuel


  • Paper
  • Plastic
  • Wood
  • Gasoline
  • LPG
• Heat


  • To Reach Ignition Temperature. Ex: Open Flames, The Sun, Hot Surfaces, Sparks and Arcs, Friction, Chemical Action, Electrical Energy, Compression of Gases
• Chain Reaction


  1. Fuel burns, it reacts with oxygen from the surrounding air, releasing heat and generating combustion products (gases, smoke, embers, etc.)

  2. This process is known as oxidation
• Classifications of Fire


  • A - Solid combustible materials
  • B - Flammable liquids
  • C - Flammable gases
  • D - Metal fire
  • E - Electrically induced fire
  • F - Cooking oil/fats
• Types of Portable Fire Extinguisher

  • Dry Powder - Class A, B, C, and Electrical Equipment
  • Foam Spray - Class A and B
  • Water - Class A only
  • CO2 - Class B and Electrical Equipment
• Mode of Extinguishing Fire

  • Fuel Removal (Starvation)
  • Oxygen Removal (Smothering)
  • Heat Source Control (Cooling)
• Stages of Fire Development

  • Stage 1 - Nnn-flaming smoldering (Incipient)
  • Stage 2 - Developing the well-ventilated flaming (fire growth)
  • Stage 3 - Fully developed fire
  • Stage 4 - Decay
• Types of Heat Transfer

  • Conduction - through direct contact
  • Convection - through fluid
  • Radiation - through electromagnetic waves
• Internal Spread of Fire

  • Through vertical shafts
  • Through Air Ducts
  • Through ceiling & collapse partition
  • Through Non-fire-rated walls and doors
  • Penetration gaps
• External Spread of Fire

  • Conduction by direct contact
  • Convection currents
  • Heat radiation
• Passive Fire Protection


  Fire protection intended to contain the fire and prevent it from spreading further
• Passive Fire Protection


  • Fire-rated doors and walls
  • Penetration seals
  • Fire dampers
• Active Fire Protection


  Fire protection intended to detect and alert, stop, and scape fires
• Active Fire Protection


  • Fire Detection & Alarm System (FDAS)
  • Stand pipe and sprinkler system
  • Emergency lighting system
• Fire Compartmentation


  Used to prevent the spread of flame and smoke from one compartment to another
• Structural fire protection


  Ensures the stability of structural elements (such as steel, concrete, or timber beams/columns) in the event of a fire
• Gypsum board


  Also known as drywall, plasterboard, or wallboard, used to form panels made of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick sheets of paper
• Chip board


  Also known as "Particle Board", can withstand high heat and develops approximately the same amount of smoke as solid wood
• Calcium Silicate Board


  A composite material of quartz sand, cement, and cellulose fibers—Fireproof, waterproof, humidity resistant, and thermal insulation
• Fire Retardant Paint


  The paint coat protects the fuel part of the fire triangle, reacts to intense heat by discharging a flame-moistening gas and delays the spread of flames by 30-120 minutes
• Fire Stopping


  Used to seal around openings and between joints in a fire rates wall or wall assembly
• Passive Fire-Stopping Categories


  • Through Penetrations
  • Fire Resistive Joints
  • Perimeter fire barrier
• Through Penetrations


  Openings in fire-rated assemblies where penetrants (pipes, cables, etc) pass through a fire-rated element and where the integrity of the wall or floor must be maintained
• Fire Resistive Joints


  Any gap, joint, or opening between two fire-rated barriers
• Perimeter fire barrier


  Sealing any gap or joint
• Fire resistant glass


  Fire Protective glazing defends against smoke and Flames
• Fire Doors


  Delay the spread of fire from one area to another
• Fire door rating


  Certified fire doors will be given a fire-resistance rating, which details the time the door is set and its materials will withstand smoke and fire – 30 or 60 minutes, depending on the rating
• Fire Shutters


  Designed to cover single windows and doors to help preventing the flames from spreading
• Fire Dampers


  Designed to prevent smoke and fire from spreading through ventilation ducts
• Fire Detection Alarm Systems (FDAS)


  Can detect and alert people to smoke, fire, carbon monoxide, or other emergencies
• Components of FDAS


  • Initiation
  • Smoke and heat detectors
  • Beam Detectors
  • Manual call point or pull station
  • Supervision
  • Control Valve Supervisory Switch
  • Tamper Switch
  • Flow Switch
  • Pressure Switch
  • Power Supply
  • Notification
  • Emergency Control Functions
• Initiation


  Devices and circuits used to send signals to the Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) to notify about the status of protected spaces in a building and monitor equipment in the Fire Protection System
• Supervision


  Sends a signal to FACP to inform about the status of other systems and equipment connected and related to the operation of the building
• Control Valve Supervisory Switch

  Devices used to monitor the status of fire protection systems such as Tamper Switch, Flow switch, and Pressure Switch, and Float Switch