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• Anatomy


  The branch of science that deals with the structure of organisms (humans) and their parts
• Physiology


  The branch of science that deals with the normal function of living organisms (humans) and their parts
• Levels of anatomy


  • Gross anatomy (macroscopic)
  • Surface anatomy (macroscopic)
  • Microscopic anatomy
  • Developmental anatomy
• Levels of physiology


  • Molecular
  • Cellular
  • Systemic
  • Neurophysiology
  • Cardiovascular, etc.
• Characteristics of an organism (characteristics of life)

  • Organisation
  • Metabolism
  • Responsiveness
  • Growth
  • Development
  • Reproduction
• Homeostasis


  The maintenance of a relatively constant environment inside the human body
• Homeostasis


  • Examples: body temperature, blood pressure, pH, glucose, oxygen
  • Homeostatic mechanisms maintain the body near an ideal normal value, the set point
  • Slightly above or below this set point is the normal range
  • Failure of homeostasis can lead to disease, even death
• Anatomical position


  The standard reference position used to describe the location of body parts
• The purpose of the anatomical reference position is to provide a consistent way to describe the location of body parts
• Characteristics used to assess whether something is alive or not

  • Organisation
  • Metabolism
  • Responsiveness
  • Growth
  • Development
  • Reproduction
• Levels of organisation of the human body

  • Chemical level
  • Cellular level
  • Tissue level
  • Organ level
  • Organ system level
  • Organism level
• Anatomical directional terms for the body


  Use each one in a sentence
• Planes in which the body or organs can be divided

  • Sagittal plane
  • Frontal plane
  • Transverse plane
• Anterior cavities of the trunk

  • Oral cavity
  • Nasal cavity
  • Thoracic cavity
• Abdominal quadrants and regions

  Dividing the abdomen into quadrants or regions allows for the identification of the location of organs
• Serous membranes


  Membranes that line body cavities and reduce friction between organs
• Serous membranes are needed to line body cavities in order to reduce friction between organs
• Anatomy


  The study of the structure and makeup of the body

  
• Physiology


  The study of the functions and activities of the body
• Levels of organisation in the body

  • [To be provided in response to question 3]
• Characteristics of living organisms

  • [To be provided in response to question 2]
• Homeostasis


  The process of maintaining a stable internal environment in the body
• Anatomical position


  • Erect person with face directed forwards, upper limbs hanging by side with palms forwards, lower limbs straight
• Anatomical terminology


  1. Describe directional terms

  2. Describe body planes

  3. Describe location of body parts and anatomical relations
• Major body cavities


  • Thoracic cavity
  • Abdominal cavity
  • Pelvic cavity
• Abdominal quadrants and regions


  • [To be provided in response to question 7]
• Serous membranes


  • Double-layered membranes that line the trunk cavities and cover the organs inside
  • Separated by a thin film of serous fluid produced by the membranes
• Parietal serous membrane


  Membrane that lines the body cavity
• Visceral serous membrane


  Membrane that lines the internal organs
• Specific serous membranes


  • Pericardium (heart)
  • Pleura (lungs/ribs)
  • Peritoneum (abdominal cavity)
• Serous membranes line the body cavities and cover the organs inside to reduce friction