Ainsworth

• Attachment


  Reciprocal, enduring emotional tie between an infant and a caregiver, each of whom contributes to the quality of the relationship
• Strange Situation


  By Mary Ainsworth; designed to assess attachment patterns between infant and adult
• Secure Attachment


  • Flexible, resilient
  • Secure attachment in early development becomes a foundation for psychological development later
• Parenting Style for Secure Attachment


  Sensitive and Responsive
• Avoidant (Insecure) Attachment


  • Outwardly unaffected by a caregiver leaving or returning
  • Not distressed if caregiver leaves, do not reestablish contact when they return
• Parenting Style for Avoidant (Insecure) Attachment


  Inconsistent, often unresponsive
• Ambivalent (Resistant) Attachment


  • Generally anxious even before the caregiver leaves
  • Cling to the caregiver then push them away when comforted
• Parenting Style for Ambivalent (Resistant) Attachment


  Rejecting-unresponsive or intrusive overly stimulating
• Disorganized-Disoriented Attachment


  • Lack a cohesive strategy to deal with the stress of the strange situation; they show contradictory, repetitive, or misdirected behaviors; confused and afraid
  • Strong patterns of avoidance and resistance or display certain specified behaviors such as extreme fearfulness
• Parenting Style for Disorganized-Disoriented Attachment

  Frightened and frightening
• According to Bowlby, attachment styles resulted from


  Repeated interactions with a caregiver
• Stranger Anxiety


  Wariness of a person she does not know
• Separation Anxiety


  Distress when a familiar caregiver leaves her
• Separation Protest


  Crying when caregiver leaves
• Babies react negatively to strangers by 8 or 9 months
• Mutual Regulation


  The ability of both infant and caregiver to respond appropriately and sensitively to each other's mental and emotional states
• Social Referencing


  Seeking emotional information to guide behavior