young adulthood

• Emerging adulthood


  Offers Moratorium - time out from developmental pressures and allow young people the freedom to experiment various roles and lifestyles
• Recentering


  The process that underlies the shift to an adult identity
• Emerging adulthood stage 1: Beginning


  Individual is still embedded in the family of origin, but expectations for self-reliance and self-directedness begin to increase
• Emerging adulthood stage 2: During


  Individual remains connected to but no longer embedded within the family of origin
• Emerging adulthood stage 3: Usually by Age 30


  Marked independence from the family of origin and commitment to a career, a partner, and possibly children
• Moratorium


  Self-conscious crisis that ideally leads to a resolution and identity achievement status
• Many young adults seem to do little active, conscious deliberation, instead of taking passive approach or taking the lead from the parents
• Positive parent-child relationships during early adolescence

  Predict warmer and less conflicted relationships with both parents when children reach age 26
• The view that these young adults who "fail to launch" and do not move out of their parents' homes are selfish slackers who refuse to grow up is largely inaccurate
• Normative-Stage Models


  Theoretical approaches that hold that adults follow a basic sequence of age-related psychosocial changes
• Intimacy vs. Isolation


  Crisis of developed young adulthood (21-39 yrs)
• Love


  Virtue of developed young adulthood (21-39 yrs)
• If adults cannot make deep personal commitments to others, they risk becoming overly isolated and self-absorbed
• As young adults work to resolve conflicting demands for intimacy and competitiveness, they develop an ethical sense, which Erikson considered a marker of adulthood
• Love


  A mutual devotion between partners who have chosen to share their lives and have children
• Promiscuity


  Maladaptive tendency to become intimate too freely, too easily
• Exclusion


  Malignant tendency to isolate oneself from everyone
• Timing-of-Events Model


  Holds that the course of development depends on when certain events occur in people's lives
• Normative Life Events (Normative Age-Graded Events)


  Those typically happen at certain times of life
• Social Clock


  Society's norms for appropriate timing of life events
• Trait Models


  Psychological models that focus on the measurement and examination of different traits
• McCrae's Five-Factor Model


  Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
• People's personalities remain similar does not mean no change occurs
• Typological Approach


  Seeks to complement and expand trait research by looking at personality functioning whole
• Ego-Resilient


  Well-adjusted, self-confident, articulate, attentive, helpful, Cooperative, task-focused
• Overcontrolled


  Shy, quiet, anxious, dependable, tend to keep thoughts to themselves and withdraw from conflict, subject to depression
• Undercontrolled


  Active, energetic, impulsive, stubborn, and easily distracted
• Three Attachment Styles


  • Secure
  • Avoidant
  • Anxious
• Secure attachment


  Have positive views in relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned about romantic relationships
• Avoidant attachment


  Hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships and once they do, they distance themselves to their partners
• Anxious attachment


  Demand closeness, less trusting, more emotional, jealous, and possessive