Early childhood

• Sleep problems are occasional and usually outgrown
• Many of sleep problems issues are the result of ineffective parenting
• Persistent sleep problems may indicate emotional, physiological, or neurological condition that needs to be examines
• Night terrors generally peach at about 1 ½ years and are common between 2 ½ and 4 years of age
• Sleepwalking, sleeptalking, and night terrors are common when children are sleep deprived, have fever or on medications, or when conditions are noisy
• Nightmares are common during early childhood
• Enuresis


  Repeated involuntary urination at night by children old enough to have bladder control
• Motor coordination in childhood tends to be relatively stable over time
• Handedness


  The preference of using one hand over the other
• 41 million children under age 5 were obese in 2016
• Stunted Children: normal weight but shorter than they should for their age and may have cognitive and physical deficiencies, visible in developing countries
• Food Allergies are more prevalent in children than in adults and most of them outgrow their allergies
• Car accidents are the most commonly reported cause of accidental death for children over the age of 4
• Children exposed to tobacco smoke are more likely to develop wheezing symptoms and asthma, and have a higher risk for high-blood pressure
• Other common causes of death in early childhood

  • Cancer
  • Congenital abnormalities
  • Chromosomal disorders
  • Assault
  • Heart disease
  • Respiratory disease
  • Septicemia
• Contextual factors such as poverty and parenting quality are linked to the development of the brain
• Types of Child Maltreatment

  • Physical Abuse – infliction of physical injury
  • Child Neglect – failure to provide child's basic needs
  • Sexual Abuse
  • Emotional Abuse – acts or omissions by parents or other caregivers that have caused or could cause, serious behavioral, cognitive, or emotional problems