Individuals who scored the highest in the study of Schaie
High educational levels
Flexible personalities
Intact families
Pursue cognitively complex occupations and other activities
Married to someone more cognitively advanced
Satisfied with their accomplishments
Crystallized Intelligence
Increases through middle age and often until the end of life
Mature adults
Show increasing competence in solving problems in their chosen field
Specialized Knowledge or Expertise
Form of crystallized intelligence that is related to the process of encapsulation
Adults
Do not usually depend on the brain's information-processing-machinery because some adult's fluid intelligence becomes encapsulated (dedicated in handling specific kinds of knowledge)
Expert thinking
Often seems automatic and intuitive
Postformal Thought
Characteristic of intuitive, experience-based thinking
Postformal thought
Integrative nature – adults interpret what they read, see, or hear in terms of its meaning for them