Motor and talking dev

• First Month


  1. Infants can turn their head from side to side

  2. Grasping Reflex

  3. Starts to coo and play with speech sounds
• Second-Third Month


  1. Babies can lift their heads

  2. Can grasp moderate sized things until they will be able to grasp one thing using right hand and transfer it to their left hand

  3. Babies can now hold their head still to find out whether the object is moving

  4. They can already match the voice to faces

  5. Distinguish female and male

  6. Discriminate between faces of their own ethnic group and those of other groups

  7. Size constancy

  8. Infants develop the ability to perceive that occluded objects are whole
• Fourth Month


  1. Babies can keep their heads erect while being held or supported in a sitting position

  2. Can now roll-over, accidentally

  3. Begin to reach objects
• Sixth Month


  1. Babies cannot sit without support

  2. Can start creeping or crawling

  3. Could successfully reach for objects in the dark faster than they could in the light

  4. They can now localize or detect sounds from their origins, recognizes sound patterns and phonemes
• Seventh Month


  1. Pincer Grasps could already manifest

  2. Can start standing

  3. Can now sit independently

  4. Start babbling
• Eighth Month


  1. Babies can assume sitting position without help

  2. Infants can now learn to pull themselves up and hold on to a chair
• Tenth Month


  1. They can now stand alone

  2. First word
• Eleventh Month


  1. Babies can let go and stand alone well

  2. Single words
• Thirteenth Month


  1. Toddlers can now pull a toy attached to a string and use their hands and legs to climb stairs

  2. Use a lot of social gestures
• Eighteenth to Twenty-Fourth Month

  1. Toddlers can now walk quickly, run, and balance on their feet in a squatting position

  2. Can now talk in two words continuously learning new words everyday
• Perceptual Constancy


  Sensory stimulation is changing but perception of the physical world remains constant
• Perceptual Constancy


  • Allows infants to perceive that their world as stable
  • Size Constancy: recognition that an object remains the same even though the retinal image of the object changes as you move toward or away from the object
  • Shape Constancy: an object remains the same shape even though its orientation changes
• Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development


  Developmental test designed to assess children from 1 month to 3 ½ years
• Areas assessed by Bayley Scales

  • Cognitive
  • Language
  • Motor
  • Social-Emotional
  • Adaptive Behavior
• Behavior Rating Scale


  Taken from the caregiver
• Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME)


  Trained observers interview the primary caregiver and rate on a yes-or-no checklist the intellectual stimulation and support observed in a child's home
• Areas observed in HOME

  • Number of books and toys
  • Parents involvement with the child
  • Parental emotional and verbal responsiveness
  • Acceptance of the child's behavior
  • Organization of the environment
  • Opportunities for daily and varied stimulation
• Early Intervention


  Systematic process of planning and providing therapeutic and educational services for families that need help in meeting infants', toddlers', and pre-school children's developmental needs