CSMP 1.5

• What is the definition of Placemaking - Collaborative approach to planning, designing and managing public spaces in order to create places where people want to live and work
• What is the role of TNC's and foreign direct investment in Placemaking (2) - National and local governments keen to attract TNC's to certain places to encourage inward investment and regeneration - Employment is provided by TNC's and contribute through the multiplier effect to improving infrastructure
• Where is Newton Aycliffe - North east of the UK
• When did the Hitachi rail factory open in Newton Aycliffe 2015
• How much was the flow of FDI the openning of the Hitachi rail factory resulted in - £85 million flow of FDI from Japan to the UK
• What did the UK government do to attract Hitachi to Newton Aycliffe - Awarded them a contract worth £5.7 billion to build express trains from the UK
• How many people does the Hitachi rail factory directly and indirectly employ - 700 directly - 6000 jobs through multiplier effect and production lines
• What socio economic benefits will the Hitachi rail factory bring to Newton Aycliffe (2) - Historic rail connections to the North East of England - less unemployment and better transport
• How can the role of architecture contribute to placemaking - A design that pleases people results in the building being respected and cared for
• How can architecture have a negative impact on placemaking - Poor architecture can result in crime and high maintenance costs making places a liability to communities
• Why was there a rise poor architecture between the 50's and 80' - After the war a lot of innercity areas were damaged resulting in the creation of prefab, cheap flatblocks
• Why are developers looking into the idea of a 24 hour economy (3) - Changing the perception of areas being unsafe or threatening at night - Encourages international tourism as the city is open around the clock creating more jobs as more nightworkers are required - Grows the economy as the economy wouldn't sleep every night
• What are some examples as to how a 24 hour city is being implemented in London (3) - Night bus routes doubled between 1999 and 2013 - 50 Mcdonalds are open 24 hours - Number of passengers on public transport overnight has tripled
• Definition of Rebranding - Place is redeveloped to gain a new identity through regeneration and reimaging
• Define Regeneration - Long term redevelopment with improvements to physical and economic environments
• Define reimaging Process which dissasociates place from previous bad images usually achieved through advertising campaigns
• Define gentrification - Process by which lower income innercity housing areas are invaded by higher income groups and are refurbished as a result
• Why might rebranding in general be a contested place (2) - It brings changes to a places character not always welcomed by citizens - Gentrifications supports wealthy people to move into an area disregarding locals by raising property prices and changing the types of local services
• 3 Reasons why Barcelona requires rebranding (3) - Capital of Catalonia with 1.6 million residents - 1/4 of spains imports come through Barcelona - As a result of the Spanish civil war
• What did Barcelona become during the spanish civil war - The centre of republican opposition to the nationalists
• What happened to Barcelona as a result of the Spanish civil war (2) - 1939 it was overtaken by the nationalists led by general franco who suppressed catalan culture in Barcelona - The built environment declined and it lost its vibrant spirit being perceived as an aging port city
• What are the 5 rebranding strategies - Market led - Top-down - Flagship - Legacy - Events
• What is the role of sport in rebranding barcelona (2) - 1992 Olympic games - united more people to support the restoration of catalonian prode through attracting more visitors and multiplier effect - Barcelona FC's Camp Nou developed into one of the worlds greatest sporting venues with 98,000 capacity
• What is the role of culture in rebranding barcelona (2) - Antonio Gaudi's Sagrada Familia recognised as a world heritage site promoting tourism and multiplier effect - Refurbishment of galleries and restaurents promoting the city as onece again vibrant and creative and reimages the city from previous perceptions
• Name three key players in rebranding Barcelona - Olympics and FC Barcelona - UNESCO/culture and local business - Local Government and EU
• How has the local government and EU been vital in rebranding barcelona (2) - 2020 vision statement aimed to attract global business innovators to barcelona - 2014 European capital of innovation and being granted one of worlds top ten smart cities
• Why did the Raval need regenerating (3) - Organised pettyr crime, prostitution and drug dealing occurs her due to its run down image - Migrants settle in the El Raval area because its is close to nearby employment and has cheap lodgings - It is one of the cities most deprived areas
• What are the 4 rebranding projects taking place in the raval - Building of flagship cultural buildings - Private universities, galleris and wine bars have been constructed - 1700 properties demolished for pedestrianised space to hold markets and street events - Construction of The Barcelo Raval and Casa Camper flagship hotels
• Why is rebranding a contested place in the Raval (3) - In migration of wealthry residents creates oppostional perspectives as to how the area should be managed creating social tensions - Tourists make poorer residents feel excluded and protest grafitti is common - Property prices have risen with some landlords forcing existing residents out