birmingham case study

avatar
Created by
lily

Cards (59)

  • what is the site of birmingham?
    - began as adry point site
    - now on thebirmingham plateau- a defensive site
    - part of the midlands
    - south facing sandstone ridge
  • what is a dry point site?
    an area that is at no risk of flooding
  • what is a defensive site?
    an area of high ground
  • what is the situation of birmingham?
    - located in central UK (midlands)
    - surrounded byworcester, warwick and stafford.
    - excellent connectivity
  • connectivity: regional

    birmingham new street railway stationis the7th biggest railway stationin the uk
  • connectivity: national

    easy access to motorways such asM5, M6, M6 toll and M42leading to the west midlands
  • connectivity: international

    birmingham international airport
  • cultural context

    -in2011 census data,13.5%defined themselves aspakastaniand6% as indian.
    -an estimated22%born outside the UK
    -city welcomed37.2 million visitors in 2014
  • environmental context

    -in2010, the city was ranked15thfor sustainable cities in the UK
    - birmingham is one of the leading cities for parks with571 parks, covering3500 hectares
  • economic and tourism context
    -birmingham univesitywas uni of the year2013-2014.
    - recognised bymckinseyas one of the futuretop 600 citiesand is branches as a "shopping paradise"
    - saw a higher annual growth than other UK cities creating5000 jobsand increasing visitor economy to£5.98 billion
  • what is birminghams CBD like?
    - main hub of the city with offices, shops, theatres and hotels
    - highest value of land & highest building density
    - redevelopment has introduced new buildings recently e.g.bullring shopping centre
    - high environmental quality
    - key transport links e.g.M6which is good for trade
  • what is birminghams inner urban area like?
    - tightly packed terraced housing and blocks of flats
    - limited open space
    - redeveloped in the1970sintocomprehensive development areas
  • what is birminghams suburbs like?
    - land use is mainly housing with a few shops and some green space
    - low building density; mainly semi-detached housing
    - built during the 1930s, 1950s and 1960s
  • what is birminghams urban rural area like?
    - fewer larger detached houses which were recently built
    - airports, business parks, gold courses
    - out of town shopping centres
    - industrial units
  • what are the industrial suburbs in birmingham?
    - radiates out of the city centre in an easterly and north-easterly direction
    - located close to main roads
    - does not fit with burgess model
  • name the 4 processes which changed birmingham?
    - urbanisation
    - suburbanisation
    - counter-urbanisation
    - reurbanisation
  • what is urbanisation?

    an increase in the number of people living in the city in more built up areas
  • how has urbanisation changed birmingham?
    - influenced by manufacturing of guns, jewellery and brass leading to rapid urbanisation in the 19th century.
    - new estates were built for workers coming in from the countryside e.g.Small Heath and Selly Oak
  • what is suburbanisation?

    a population shift from central urban areas into the suburbs
  • how has suburbanisation changed birmingham?

    - the rising1920spopulation caused houses to be built on the outskirts of the city
    - new estates were built, mainly semi-detached housing laid out with wide tree-lined roads to attempt to maintain the environmental quality
  • what is counter-urbanisation?

    the process of abandoning urban areas for rural areas
  • how has counter-urbanisation changed birmingham?
    - in the1970snew comprehensive development areas were built in the inner city
    - this demolished old 19th century houses forcing people to moved to areas likeredditch
  • what is reurbanisation?

    the movement of people back into an area which has been previously abandoned
  • how has reurbanisation changed birmingham?
    - more people want to live in the centre again so that they are closer to work/ amenities
    - new apartments have been built near the canals and in converted factories across the centre
    - birmingham is in the current process of redeveloping old tower blocks into the mailbox and the bullring
  • why are people migrating nationally into/out of birmingham?
    - people moving in because of increased investment in the CBD, creating job opportunities
    - students moving in temporarily as birmingham has5 universities with 78000 students over 18
    - people moving out to retirement destinations in the south such asbournemouth
  • why are people internationally migrating to birmingham?
    - responding to a shortage of jobs- the UK government encouraged immigration from former colonies in India and the Caribbean to fill in jobs people no longer want in the UK
    - since 2000, many migrants from eastern Europe seek better jobs and lives
    - people moving in who have fled conflict e.g. Syria and Afganistan
  • state the 4 impacts of migration
    1. younger population
    2. multiculturalism & ethnicity
    3. housing
    4. services
  • how has migration impacted the age structure of birmingham?
    - with migrants settling in birmingham, the percentage of people aged 20-35 is higher than the UK average
    - in2014,22.9%of the population were children which is19%higher than the regional and national average.
    -66%of the population of birmingham isunder 45
  • how has migration impacted multiculturalism in birmingham?
    -42%of residents are from ethnic groups other than white
    -16%do not have english as their main language
    - in the 1970s, many migrants settled insparkbrookandsparkhillas the houses there were cheaper- since then, communities have developed with their own shops and places of worship
  • how has migration impacted housing in birmingham?
    - in2015, it was estimated that the city's housing demands were higher than expected,rising by an extra 5000
  • how has migration impacted services in birmingham?
    - having more people in the city is putting increased pressure on key services such as GP surgeries
  • population

    in2014,1.1 millionpeople
    - a9.9%increase since2004
  • youthful population

    in2014,22.9%of the population were children which is19%higher than the regional and national average.
    - this due to a rising birth rate and falling death rate
    13.1%werepensionablewhich is lower than the regional/national average.
  • universities

    5universities,78000 students over 18,2nd biggest student city,10% of students from overseas
  • what is deindustrialisation?

    the reduction in industrial activity or the capacity for industrial activity
  • what has influenced deindustrialisation? (4)

    1. globalisation
    2. transport development
    3. decentralisation
    4. technological advances
  • what is globalisation?

    when world cities become part of a world market
  • example of globalisation in birmingham
    - van makersLDVhad to close down branches due to birmingham becoming part of the world market and increasing in imports of foreign cards from Japan.
    - there was less of a demand for cars produced in birmingham, making850 workers redundant
  • example of technological advances
    - the development of new technologies associated with metal manufacture were slow to be applied to the older factories in birmingham
    - this meant some industries became less efficient than high tech rivals and closed
  • example of transport development
    the construction of the1970s inner ring roadmeant some factories were removed for the route causing unemployment and loss in the local economy