Psychodynamic approach

• Who created the psychodynamic approach?

  Freud
• What did Freud describe the personality as?

  Tripartite
• What three components did Freud split the personality into?

  Id, Ego, Superego
• What is the part of the mind we are aware of?

  Conscious mind
• What did Freud suggest most of the mind is made up of?

  Unconscious mind
• What is the unconscious mind a storehouse for?

  Biological drives and instincts
• What does the unconscious mind contain?

  Threatening and disturbing memories that have been repressed
• How can repressed memories be accessed?

  Dreams or Parapraxes
• What are parapraxes?

  Slips of the tongue
• What is under the surface of the conscious mind?

  Preconscious mind
• What does the preconscious mind contain?

  Thoughts and memories which aren't in conscious awareness but can be accessed
• What principle does the Id operate on?

  Pleasure principle
• What principle does the Ego operate on?

  Reality principle
• What principle does the Superego?

  Morality principle
• When is the superego formed?

  At the end of the phallic stage
• What is the ego?

  A mediator between the Id and Superego - role is to reduce conflict between their demands
• How does the ego reduce the conflict between the Id and Superego?

  Defence mechanisms
• The Id is the primitive part of our personality
• When is the Id formed?

  At birth
• The Id is entirely selfish and demands instant gratification of needs
• What is the Id?

  A mass of unconscious drives and instincts
• What are the five psychosexual stages?

  Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genitals
• When does the Oral stage occur?

  0-1 years
• When does the Anal stage occur?

  1-3 years
• When does the Phallic stage occur?

  3-6 years
• What is the focus of pleasure in the Oral stage?

  Mouth
• What is the object of desire in the Oral stage?

  Mother's breast
• What is the focus of pleasure in the Anal stage?

  Anus
• How does the child gain pleasure in the Anal stage?

  Withholding and expelling faeces
• What is the focus of pleasure in the Phallic stage?

  Genitals
• What occurs in the Latency stage?

  Earlier conflicts are repressed
• What occurs in the Genital stage?

  Sexual desires become conscious alongside puberty
• What is the consequence of an unresolved conflict at the Oral stage?

  Oral fixation
• What is the consequence of an unresolved conflict at the Anal stage?

  Anal retentive or Anal expulsive
• What is the consequence of an unresolved conflict at the Phallic stage?

  Phallic personality
• What is the consequence of an unresolved conflict at the Genital stage?

  Difficulty forming heterosexual relationships
• What are the three defence mechanisms used by the Ego?

  Repression, denial, displacement
• What is each psychosexual stage marked by (except latency)?

  A conflict that must be resolved in order to progress
• What does an unresolved conflict lead to?

  Fixation
• What are defence mechanisms?

  Unconscious strategies to balance the conflict between Id and Superego