Module 8

• Special Courts

  • Court of Tax Appeals
  • Sandiganbayan
  • Shari'a court/ District court/Circuit trial court
  • Family court
• Court of Tax Appeals


  Created under RA 1125, as amended, this special court has appellate jurisdiction to review on appeal the decision of the Commission of Internal Revenue involving internal revenue taxes and decisions of the Commissioner of Customs involving customs duties
• Sandiganbayan


  Jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases involving graft and corrupt practices of public officers. Created by pursuant to PD 1606
• Quasi-Judicial Bodies- executive branch performing quasi-judicial functionsperforming quasi-judicial functions,

  • National Labor Relations Commission
  • Employees Compensation Commission
  • Board of Transportation
  • Independent Constitutional Commissions
  • Court Martial
• Jurisdiction of Courts

  • General
  • Limited
  • Original
  • Appellate
  • Exclusive
  • Concurrent
  • Criminal
  • Civil
• General Jurisdiction


  Empowered to decide all disputes which may come before it, except those assigned to other courts
• Limited Jurisdiction


  Has authority to hear and determine only a few specified cases
• Original Jurisdiction


  Try and decide a case for the first time
• Appellate Jurisdiction


  Take a case already heard and decided by a lower court removed from it by appeal
• Exclusive Jurisdiction


  Try and decide a case which cannot be presented before any other court
• Concurrent Jurisdiction


  Two or more courts may take cognizance of a case
• Criminal Jurisdiction


  It exists for the punishment of a crime
• Civil Jurisdiction


  It exists when the subject matter is not a criminal offense
• Shari'a Court/District/Circuit trial court


  Created pursuant PD 1083 "Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines"

  Jurisdiction presided by District Judge

  Presided by Circuit judges
• Family Court


  Cover cases accused is below 18 and not less than 9 yrs old victims are minors at the time of the commission of the offense. Established RA 8369
• CRIMINAL LAW


  It is a branch of public law which define crimes, treats of their nature and

  provides for their punishment.
• Classification of Criminal Law:

  Substantive Criminal Law

  Procedural Criminal Law
• Substantive Criminal Law


  defines the elements that are necessary for an act to constitute a crime and thefore punishable. (e.g. Revised Penal Code, Presidential Decrees, Special Penal Laws, City and Municipal Ordinances)
• Procedural Criminal Law


  refers to a statute that provides procedures appropriate for the enforcement of the Substantive Criminal Law. (e.g. Article III, Bill of Rights of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, Revised Rules of Court/ Criminal Procedure, Supreme Court decisions)
• Two basic principles of Criminal Law

  Presumption of Innocence

  Burden of Proof
• Presumption of Innocence


  means that any defendant in a criminal trial is assumed to be innocent

  until they have been proven guilty. As such, a prosecutor is required to prove

  beyond a reasonable doubt that the person committed the crime if that

  person is to be convicted.
• Burden of Proof


  the obligation to offer evidence that the court or jury could reasonably

  believe, in support of a contention, failing which the case will be lost.
• COURT


  tribunal assembled under authority of law at the appropriate time and place

  for the administration of justice through which the state enforces its sovereign

  rights and powers.
• COURT PILLAR


  responsible in conducting trial or court adjudication and

  impose penalty if found guilty, otherwise render dismissal or acquittal of the

  case.
• REGULAR COURTS


  Supreme Court

  Court of Appeals

  Regional Trial Courts

  Metropolitan Trial Courts
• Inferior Courts


  Metropolitan Trial Courts

  Municipal Trial Court

  Municipal circuit trial court
• Supreme Court


  The highest court in the Philippines
• Court of appeals 


  The second-highest judicial court after the Supreme Court that reviews decisions and orders of the lower court
• Regional Trial Court (RTC)


  Has jurisdiction over offenses punishable with imprisonment of six years and one day and over