Ion & Flame tests

• Gas tests

  Chlorine - bleaches damp litmus paper white
• Gas tests

  Oxygen - Relights a glowing splint
• Gas tests

  Hydrogen - Causes a squeaky pop when in contact with a lit splint
• Gas tests

  Carbon Dioxide - turns limewater cloudy when bubbled through
• Ion Flame tests

  Lithium ions ( Li + ) - Crimson flame
• Ion Flame tests

  Sodium ions,(Na + ) - Yellow flame
• Ion Flame tests

  Potassium ions (K + ) - Lilac flame
• Ion Flame tests

  Calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) orange-red flame
• Ion Flame tests

  Copper ions (Cu 2+ ) - green flame
• Positive Ion tests - adding NaOH-(aq)

  Calcium (Ca 2+ ) - White
• Positive Ion tests - adding NaOH-(aq)

  Copper(II) (Cu 2+ ) - Blue
• Positive Ion tests - adding NaOH-(aq)

  Iron (II) (Fe 2+ ) - Green
• Positive Ion tests - adding NaOH-(aq)

  Iron (III) (Fe 3+) - Brown
• Positive Ion tests - adding NaOH-(aq)

  Aluminium (Al 3+ ) - White at first. When excess NaOH added - forms a colourless solution
• Positive Ion tests - adding NaOH-(aq)

  Magnesium (Mg 2+) - White
• Negative ion tests

  Carbonate ions (CO3 2-) - when reacted with a dilute acid, CO2 produced which turns limewater cloudy
• Negative ions tests: halide - add nitric acid (HNO3) and silver nitrate (AgNO3)


  Chloride (Cl -) - White precipitate
• Negative ions tests: halide - add nitric acid (HNO3) and silver nitrate (AgNO3)


  Bromide (Br -) - Cream precipitate
• Negative ions tests: halide - add nitric acid (HNO3) and silver nitrate (AgNO3)


  Iodide (I -) - Yellow precipitate
• Negative ion tests

  Sulphate ions (SO4 2-) - add HCl and barium chloride (BaCl2) . If sulphate present: white precipitate forms