osteoporosis and gout

• Osteoporosis (OP)

  • Silent disease: Often asymptomatic until a fracture occurs
  • Fractures: Commonly in the hip, spine, and wrist; can occur with minimal trauma
  • Height loss: Due to vertebral compression fractures
  • Back pain: Resulting from fractured or collapsed vertebrae
  • Stooped posture: Also known as kyphosis or a "dowager's hump"
• Risk factors for osteoporosis

  • Non-modifiable: Age (older adults), Sex (female), Family history, Previous fractures
  • Modifiable: Low calcium and vitamin D intake, Sedentary lifestyle, Excessive alcohol consumption, Smoking, Low body weight or small frame, Poor nutrition
• Gout

  • Acute flare: Sudden onset of intense pain, redness, and swelling in a joint, often the big toe (podagra)
  • Tophi: Deposits of urate crystals that can occur in chronic gout, forming lumps under the skin
  • Joint pain: Severe, often at night, and can last for days to weeks
  • Recurrent attacks: Frequent episodes if untreated, affecting more joints over time
  • Fever: Occasionally, during acute attacks
• Risk factors for gout

  • Dietary: High consumption of purine-rich foods, alcohol, and fructose
  • Lifestyle: Sedentary behaviour, obesity
  • Medical conditions: Hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, metabolic syndrome
  • Medications: Use of diuretics, low-dose aspirin, and certain other drugs
  • Age and sex: More common in men and in postmenopausal women
  • Genetic predisposition: Family history of gout or hyperuricemia