AO1

• Neural differences between the brains of criminals and non-criminals - prefrontal cortex is thought to play a role in criminal behaviour as it is linked to impulse control, abnormality = aggressive behaviour = more likely to commit crimes 
• Prefontal cortex dysfunction also linked with antisocial personality disorder, who have reduced emotional responses and lack empathy, most criminals have this disorder 
• Three biochemicals implicated in offending behaviour - noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine
• Noradrenaline which is associated with the fight or flight response shows raised levels in offenders more likely to display aggressive behaviour.
• Serotonin regulates mood and impulse control, meaning low levels could be implicated in criminal behaviour as there will be more impulsivity
• Dopamine implicated in offending behaviour because of its link to addiction and substance abuse, activity in limbic system means pleasure is experienced