History Elizabethan England

• Who where Elizabeth's parents?

  Henry vIII and Anne Boleyn
• When did Elizabeth become queen?

  1558
• Why was Elizabeth imprisoned in a tower for most of her life

  Her sister was paranoid about rebellions and saw her sister as a figure head for rebellions due to religious reasons
• What was the role of parliament in Elizabethan England?

  Parliament was much less powerful than the modern Parliament but it did have influence over tax. I was responsible for passing laws. The Queen of decided it went to parliament and how much their advice she should listen to
• Who where the Privy Council?

  Took responsibility for day to day running of the country

  It was made up of the most powerful land owners this was to avoid rebellion, if the privy council agreed on something it was hard for Elizabeth to refuse it
• What where lord lieutenants

  They took administrative responsibility for individual areas of the country this involved settling arguments and collecting taxes they where also responsible for raising a militia to fight for the queen
• Who where justices of the peace


  Each county had several justices of the peace to ensure order was kept. They were always selected from, the gentry and their main role was to ensure that the laws passed where enforced
• What was Elizabeth's royal court

  The court was made up of goverment officials lady's in waiting servants and advisors who surrounded Elizabeth her court consisted of around 1000 people. It was the centre of political power but also the source of trends and fashion for the country
• How would the queen ensure loyalty

  Through patronage this involved giving titles power or other rewards
• Who was Cecil Rhodes?

  He served as a secetary of state twice and as a member of parliament and was Elizabeth's most trusted advisor it was said that at times the queen would listen to on one but Cecil
• What key role did Cecil play

  He encouraged Elizabeth to take control of catholic Ireland and to fight other catholic rivals in England and abroad

  He also played a key role in developing poor laws and the new religious policies
• Who was Francis walsingham

  He served as secetary of state and was one of the queens closest advisors

  He was known as Elizabeth's spymaster
• What impact did walsingham have

  He helped establish England as a powerful source at sea and took the lead in dealing with englands biggest rivals

  He played a role in the trial and execution of Mary queen of Scott's a rival for Elizabeth in the 1850s
• What problems did Elizabeth face?

  Mary Queen of Scots came in from Scotland she was seen as a figurehead for Catholic rebellions
• Why was succession a problem for Elizabeth?

  Edward the sixth and Mary had died childless and Elizabeth had yet to produce an app in 1562 Elizabeth contractor smallpox and nearly died this due attention to how uncertain the future was parliament and others were keen for Elizabeth to marry and have children as soon as possible
• Why was Ireland a problem for Elizabeth?

  Like a predecessors Elizabeth considered herself the queen of Ireland unfortunately any Irish people disagreed a major problem is revolt in Northern Ireland in 1559. The first of several during her raid spent thousands of pounds and said many of her best soldiers to limit Irish rebellions.
• Why is religion a problem for Elizabeth?

  Elizabeth's father had broken down the Catholic Church in order to obtain a divorce Henry son Edward continue to establish the protestant faith when Mary came to the throat. She tried to undo what had gone before and re-establish Catholicism Elizabeth was a Protestant sheila Catholics to follow their faith privately but many Catholics remain unhappy some believing she had no right to be queen as I did not recognise Henry second marriage to Elizabeth mother Anne Boleyn. In addition the growth of Puritanism was seen as a threat to
• Foreign policy, a problem for Elizabeth

  Elizabeth had to deal with powerful countries that wanted influence over England France and Spain which were both Catholic and how they support the pope so protestant England as a target major area of disagree with the Netherlands. The main protestant population was in conflict with the Catholic Spanish who ruled over most of the area, Elizabeth would eventually decide how to deal with his concerns but initially her priority is keeping England secure
• Why was taxation a problem for Elizabeth?

  The government needed money and one of the few ways to get it was through taxes unfortunately at a time of great poverty taxes would be very unpopular with the people of England so raising taxes will be very dangerous for a new monarch
• Why was marriage so important?

  She could create relations with other countries monarch but risked losing control of England or she could marry an English noble and secure the throne
• What arguments are there for marriage?

  Marriage who created the lions with a foreign country or when the support of a powerful English family by marrying Elizabeth could produce an succeeded her and continue the Tudor line marriage and children would prevent Mary Queen of Scots from ruling England after Elizabeth death
• Arguments against marriage


  Marrying a foreign prince or King could lead to England falling under their control marry an Englishman to create problems ever who had authority remaining unmarried when the Elizabeth kept her independence marriage of the 16th century was not a partnership as the huntsman legally had authority over the wife. It is possible Elizabeth did not want to be awnser able to her husband giving birth was risky at this time often resulting in the death of the mother her sister Mary marriage King Philip of Spain was widely see as a disaster and failed to produce an heir
• Why was Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester seen as worthy of marrying the Queen

  As the Queen's childhood friend and one of her favourites throughout her reign and assumed that they would marry when his wife died after a full he was free to marry once again but the scandal of her death that the marriage became almost impossible was a key for the Royal Court as a privy counsellor he had great power and influence in the government
• Why was King Philip the second of Spain considered a husband for Elizabeth?

  As king of Spain Philip was one of the most powerful men in the world as well as one of the wealthiest Spain control of South America and its resources had made the country very rich. Philip was in fact Elizabeth's brother-in-law having been married to Queen Mary but has spent very little time in England, the biggest barrier between Elizabeth and Philip was religion. Philip was a Catholic and Elizabeth was a Protestant this creates a many problems not least of which was the issue of which religion their children would be raised under
• Why was Francis Duke of Anjou and Alecon considered a husband for Elizabeth

  As the French Kings brother marriage to Francis could lead to influence in France as his brother was childless. Francis was also added to the throne however significant by the time the marriage was considered Elizabeth was 46 and most assumed she was beyond having children if she died childlesswhilst married to the French air England could fall under control for this reason and the fact that Francis was a Catholic many influential people and the public were against marriage
• Why were there challenges to Elizabeth's rule?

  Arthur Elizabeth's coronation she face particular opposition from Catholics who felt she had no rights to be queen the Catholic opponents look to marry Queen of Scots as an alternative monarch
• Which nobles were involved in the northern rebellion?

  The Duke of Norfolk, the earl of Northumberland, the Earl of West Moreland
• What was Norfolk rebellion caused by?

  Elizabeth stopped Mary Queen of Scots marrying the Duke of Norfolk. Norfolk left the Royal Court without permission and headed north
• What happened In the northern rebellion?

  They took control of Durham Cathedral and celebrated an illegal Catholic mass they then began in March south or around 4600 man Elizabeth struggle to gather an army to resist them but eventually one of her royal Lords, the Isle of Sussex army and rebels disbanded the leaders of the rebellion fled to Scotland when Northumberland was quickly captured and executed West Moreland escape to France, where he lived until he died in poverty
• What happened in the Ridolfi plot

  The next plot was led by a catholic banker from Florence names Roberto Ridolfi having seen the northern rebellion fail Ridolfi felt that foreign support was needed in 1570 the pope had commanded Catholics in England not to obey Elizabeth, giving English Catholics the dilemma of choosing between their country and their religion. The plan was for Netherlands to invade at the same time as another northern rebellion Elizabeth would be murdered and replaced by Mary who would marry Norfolk
• Why did the Ridolfi plot fail?

  Elizabeth's network of spies found a bag of gold coins with some coded letters the code was cracked when a key was discovered underneath Norfolk's door Matt. Norfolk confessed to his involvement and was executed on the 2nd of June 1572
• When was the Ridolfi plot?

  1571
• What did the queen give Essex that gave him power

  The queen gave Essex the monopoly of sweet wine in England. This meant that by law anyone who wished to bring in sweet wine would have to pay Essex a tax he became very rich
• What rivalry did Essex create


  Essex developed a rivalry with Robert Cecil who was a very powerful individual
• What Argument did Essex have with the queen

  In 1598 he became involved in an argument with Elizabeth about Ireland in a fit of anger Essex turned his back on the queen and she retaliated by hitting him on the side of his head he nearly drew his sword and was placed under house arrest but still refused to admit he was wrong
• What happened with Essex in Ireland and his return to England

  In January 1599 Elizabeth made Essex the lord liteunant of Ireland he went over with the orders to squash rebellion he did the opposite of what she told him to do and created a truce he also knighted some of his army leaders which he was forbidden to do.

  When he returned to England he rushed into the queens quarters and saw her without her wig he experienced a large fall fromGrace his monopoly of wine was removed and he was now determined to remove his rival Robert Cecil
• When was the Essex rebellion?

  1601
• What happened in Essex rebellion

  1. Essex took four of the queen privy councillors hostage and with 200 followed marched to his London house with them

  2, Robert Cecil responded quickly he labelled Essex a traitor and many of the rebels abandoned the march

  3. Essex returned to his house where he found that the hostages had been released

  4. Essex and his remaining supporters were arrested
• What happened in the execution of Essex

  Two weeks after the disastrous rebellion Essex was put o pin trial for treason in an attempt to save his soul he agreed to identify others involved in exchange for his info Elizabeth agreed for him to be executed in private rather than public
• When was Essex executed

  25th February 1601