nucleotides

• a nucleotide

  A) phosphate

  B) pentose sugar

  C) base

  
• Nucleotides are the monomers that make up DNA and RNA. DNA and RNA are both types of nucleic acid. They're found in all living cells.
• DNA 


  used to store genetic information - the instructions an organism needs to grow and develop.
• RNA 


  used to make proteins from the instructions in DNA.
• DNA nucleotide

  A) phosphate

  B) deoxyribose sugar

  C) A, T, C, G

  
• A molecule of DNA contains two polynucleotide chains - each chain

  is made up of lots of nucleotides joined together.
• An RNA molecule is made up of a single polynucleotide chain.
• In RNA though, uracil replaces thymine as a base.
• RNA nucleotide

  A) phosphate

  B) ribose sugar

  C) A,U,C,G

  
• purine base


  contains two carbon-nitrogen rings joined together
• pyrimidine base 


  only has one carbon-nitrogen ring.
• examples of purine bases

  adenine and guanine
• examples of pyrimidine bases 


  cytosine, thymine and uracil
• ADP nucleotide

  
• ATP nucleotide

  
• synthesis of ATP

  A) energy used

  
• breakdown of ATP

  A) energy released

  
• Energy is stored in the phosphate bond. When this energy is needed by a cell ATP is broken back down into ADP and inorganic phosphate (P). Energy is released from the phosphate bond and used by the cell. ATP can not diffuse in/out of cells so every cell has to have its own store of ATP