تشريح ٣

• Liver


  The largest gland in the body, located in the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions

  
• Lobes of the liver

  • Right lobe
  • Left lobe
  • Quadrate lobe
  • Caudate lobe

  
• Superiorly


  The diaphragm, lungs, and heart
• Posteriorly (visceral surface)


  The abdominal oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, hepatic flexure of colon, right kidney, right suprarenal gland, gall bladder, and the porta hepatis

  
• Peritoneal attachments of the liver


  • Suspended from the diaphragm and abdominal wall by the falciform Ligament
  • The lesser omentum arises from the porta hepatis to be attached along the lesser curvature of the stomach

  
• Structures in the porta hepatis

  • Anteriorly: The common bile Duct
  • Middle: The hepatic Artery
  • Posteriorly: The portal Vein

  
• Hepatic artery


  Artery supplying blood to the liver, from the celiac trunk
• Veins draining the liver

  • Hepatic veins: Right, central and left hepatic veins to drain into the inferior vena cava
  • Portal vein, which is formed by union of splenic and superior mesenteric veins, drains blood of GIT to the liver
• Correct arrangement of the porta hepatis (from anterior to posterior)

  • Common bile duct, hepatic artery and portal vein

  
• Gallbladder


  A small, thin-walled green sac, lies in a fossa in the posterior surface of the liver. It is divided into fundus, body and neck, which opens into the cystic duct.

  
• Cystic artery


  A branch of right hepatic artery that supplies blood to the gallbladder
• Biliary system


  The right and left hepatic ducts fuse in the porta hepatis to form the common hepatic duct, which joins with the cystic duct draining the gall-bladder, to form the common bile duct.

  
• Ampulla of Vater


  An expanded part of the common bile duct where it joins the main pancreatic duct (of Wirsung). It is guarded by the sphincter of Oddi.
• Pancreas


  An endo-exocrine retroperitoneal triangular gland, located in the epigastric region, that extends across the abdomen from the duodenum to spleen. It is divided into head, neck, body and tail.

  
• Main duct of the pancreas (Wirsung)

  Runs the length of the pancreas and usually joins the common bile duct to open at the ampulla of Vater in the second part of duodenum.
• Accessory duct (of Santorini)


  Drains the head of the pancreas and opens into the duodenum above the main duct.
• Liver lobes


  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D