genes and protein synthesis

• gene


  a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for a polypeptide. The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide forms the primary structure of a protein
• Different proteins have a different number and order of amino acids. It's the order of nucleotide bases in a gene that determines the order of amino acids in a particular protein.
• Each amino acid is coded for by a triplet codon in a gene. Different sequences of bases code for different amino acids. This is the genetic code. the sequence of bases in a section of DNA is a template that's used to make proteins during protein synthesis.
• • DNA molecules are found in the nucleus of the cell, but the ribosomes which make protein are found in the cytoplasm. DNA is too large to move out of the nucleus, so a section is copied into mRNA. This process is called transcription.
  • The mRNA leaves the nucleus and joins with a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where it can be used to synthesise a protein. This process is called translation.
• making a protein

  A) transcription

  B) translation