PPT E

• Government policies/programs on agriculture

  • Agrarian reform and land tenure
  • CARL (RA 6657), CARPer (RA 9700)
  • Magna Carta of Small Farmers (RA 7607)
  • Food security
  • Plant Plant Plant
  • Biosafety (DOST-DA-DENR-DOH-DILG Joint Department Order 1, series of 2016)
  • Quarantine rules and regulations (PD 1433)
  • HVCC (High Value Crops Commercialization Act, RA 7900)
  • AFMA (Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act, RA 8435)
  • OA (Organic Agriculture Act, RA 10068)
  • RTL (Rice Tariffication Law, RA 11203)
  • Sagip Saka Act (RA 11321)
  • Intellectual Property Rights
  • PVP (Plant Variety Protection Act, RA 9168)
  • World Trade Organization (WTO), 1995
  • TRIPS (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights)
  • Agreement in Agriculture
  • Convention on Biological Diversity (1993)
  • International Treaty Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (2004)
  • Article 9 on Farmers' Rights
• Implement nationwide the "Plant, Plant, Plant Program" or "Ahon Lahat, Pagkaing Sapat (ALPAS) Laban sa Covid-19"
• Plant, Plant, Plant Program


  Centerpiece initiative to ensure sustained food production and availability, food accessibility and affordability
• Plant, Plant, Plant Program


  • Increase output through the use of quality seeds, appropriate inputs, modern technologies
• Possibility of a tightened global supply, as traditional rice exporting countries to favor securing stocks for their own people, amid increased demand and heightened restrictions in global trade and travel
• Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) of 1988


  Welfare of the landless farmers and farm workers to promote social justice and recognition of the right of farmers, farm workers and land owners to participate in the planning, organization, and management of the program
• Goal of CARP


  Sound rural development and industrialization, and establish owner-cultivatorship of economic-sized farms for farmers and farm workers to enhance their dignity and improve the quality of their lives through agricultural productivity
• Means of CARP


  Equitable distribution of land ownership with due regard to the rights of landowners
• Land will be acquired from land owners with payment of compensation, and distributed to beneficiaries who shall pay for the land
• The State provide support to agriculture through appropriate technology and research, and adequate financial production, marketing and other support services
• Land ownership limit


  5 hectares per person and limit to a beneficiary is 3 hectares
• Republic Act No. 6657 - CARP

  Ended after 10 years (1998), so there was a need for an enabling law to continue the acquisition and distribution of agricultural land
• Republic Act No. 9700 - CARPer


  Extended the acquisition and distribution of agricultural lands until 30 June 2014, expanded support to rural women, beneficiaries, added exceptions to the retention limits
• Land reform Issues


  • Sale of land by farmer-beneficiaries
  • Lack of support (appropriate production technology, financial assistance, marketing and other support services)
  • Limited participation of farmers in planning and management of the program
  • Agricultural lands are distributed to the farmers tilling the land
  • Delay in implementation
  • Landlords avoided distribution of their lands by zonal reclassification
  • Commercial, residential and industrial lands are CARP exempt
• Republic Act No. 7607 - Magna Carta of Small Farmers


  Give the highest priority to the development of agriculture such that equitable distribution of benefits and opportunities is realized through the empowerment of small farmers, recognize the welfare and development of the small farmers as their primordial responsibility, the State shall provide the necessary support mechanism towards the attainment of their socioeconomic endeavors
• Republic Act No. 7607 - Magna Carta of Small Farmers


  The State shall ensure that ecological balance & environmental protection are maintained & observed in its pursuit of rural development goals, recognize the right of small farmers & farmworkers, cooperatives & independent farmers' organizations, to participate in the planning, organization, management & implementation of agricultural programs & projects especially through the bayanihan spirit, support agriculture through appropriate policies, research, technology & training, & adequate financial, production, marketing & other support services to enhance agricultural productivity, provide incentives and reward systems to small farmers so as to accelerate agricultural productivity and to promote self-sufficiency and full development of agricultural potentials
• Republic Act No. 8435 - Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act


  An act prescribing urgent related measure to modernize the agriculture and fisheries sectors of the country in order to enhance their profitability and prepare said sectors for the challenges of globalizaton through an adequate, focused and rational delivery of necessary support services, appropriating funds therefore and for other purposes
• The Philippines became a member of the WTO in 1 January 1995. The AFMA was approved on 22 December 1997
• Purpose of AFMA


  Under the WTO, trade barriers will be lowered and will mean domestic producers will be competing with imports. This is one of a series of legislative acts that aim to prepare local producers for the opening of the market to imports. This is driven by the government's commitment to provide safety nets for producers to cope with globalization.
• Principles of AFMA


  • Poverty Alleviation and Social Equity
  • Food Security
  • Rational Use of Resources
  • Global Competitiveness
• Objectives of AFMA


  • To modernize the agriculture and fisheries sectors by transforming these sectors from a resource-based to a technology-based industry
  • To enhance profits and incomes in the agriculture and fisheries sectors particularly the small farmers and fisherfolk, by ensuring equitable access to assets, resources and services, and promoting higher-value crops, value-added processing, agribusiness activities, and agro-industrialization
  • To ensure the accessibility, availability and stable supply of food to all at all times
  • To encourage horizontal & vertical integration, consolidation & expansion of agriculture & fisheries activities, groups, functions & other services through the organization of cooperatives, farmers & fisherfolk's associations, corporations, nucleus estates, & consolidated farms & to enable these entities to benefit from economies of scale
  • To promote people empowerment by strengthening people's organizations, cooperatives and NGOs and by establishing and improving mechanisms and processes for their participation in government decision- making and implementation
  • To pursue a market-driven approach to enhance the comparative advantage of our agriculture and fisheries sectors in the world market
  • To induce the agriculture and fisheries sectors to ascend continuously the value-added ladder by subjecting their traditional or new products to further processing in order to minimize the marketing of raw, unfinished or unprocessed products
  • To adopt policies that will promote industry dispersal and rural industrialization by providing incentives to local and foreign investors to establish industries that have backward linkages to the country's agriculture and fisheries resource base
  • To provide social and economic adjustment measures that increase productivity and improve market efficiency while ensuring the protection and preservation of the environment and equity for small farmers and fisherfolk
  • To improve the quality of life of all sectors
• Issues with AFMA


  • Reforms and production support did not bring the expected increase in productivity, nor were they successful in modernizing Philippine agriculture
  • Expenditures for public services (roads, irrigation facilities, post-harvest facilities) were not as planned
• The Philippines is the top grower of GM crops in Southeast Asia: Bt corn, RR corn BtRR corn
• Golden Rice and Bt Talong are awaiting issuance of their Biosafety Permits by BPI
• 1990- Executive Order 430: Creation of the National Committee on Biosafety of the Philippines (NCBP)
• Biosafety


  Ensures impacts and safety of biotech products
• 2002- Administrative Order (AO) No. 8: Rules and Regulations for the Importation and Release into the Environment of Plants and Plant Products Derived from the Use of Modern Biotechnology
• 2016- Joint Department Circular (currently used): Rules and Regulations for the Research and Development, Handling and Use, Transboundary Movement, Release into the Environment, and Management of Genetically-Modified Plant and Plant Products Derived from the Use of Modern Biotechnology
• GM Crops - Issues & Concerns


  • Possible effects on non-target organisms and biodiversity
  • Possible crossing with relatives to produce weeds
  • Possible formation of resistant insect population
  • Possible persistence in the environment
  • Possible allergenicity and toxicity
• Republic Act No. 7900 - High Value Crops Commercialization Act


  To promote people empowerment by strengthening people's organizations, cooperatives and NGOs and by establishing and improving mechanisms and processes for their participation in government decision- making and implementation, to pursue a market-driven approach to enhance the comparative advantage of our agriculture and fisheries sectors in the world market, to induce the agriculture and fisheries sectors to ascend continuously the value-added ladder by subjecting their traditional or new products to further processing in order to minimize the marketing of raw, unfinished or unprocessed products
• High Value Crops (HVC)


  • coffee and cacao
  • fruit crops (citrus, cashew, guyabano, papaya, mango, pineapple, strawberry, jackfruit, rambutan, durian, mangosteen, guava, lanzones, and watermelon)
  • root crops (potato and ubi)
  • vegetable crops (asparagus, broccoli, cabbage, celery, carrots, cauliflower, radish, tomato, bell pepper, and patola), legumes, pole sitao (snap beans and garden pea)
  • spices and condiments (black pepper, garlic, ginger, and onion)
  • cutflower and ornamental foliage plants (chrysanthemum, gladiolus, anthuriums, orchids, and statice)
• DA-Priority Crops


  • Vegetables (lowland, upland, spices and indigenous)
  • Major fruits (mango, banana and pineapple)
  • Local/regional fruits with seasonal and local demand (durian, pili, cashew, etc.)
  • Industrial/plantation crops (coffee, cacao and rubber)
  • Alternative staple food crops (banana-saba and rootcrops)
• Issues & Concerns on RA 7900

  • Land/Crop conversion needed to shift to high value crops
  • Less diversity
  • Production costs for high value crops
• Agricultural crops


  • Coffee
  • Cacao
  • Citrus
  • Cashew
  • Guyabano
  • Papaya
  • Mango
  • Pineapple
  • Strawberry
  • Jackfruit
  • Rambutan
  • Durian
  • Mangosteen
  • Guava
  • Lanzones
  • Watermelon
  • Potato
  • Ubi
  • Asparagus
  • Broccoli
  • Cabbage
  • Celery
  • Carrots
  • Cauliflower
  • Radish
  • Tomato
  • Bell pepper
  • Patola
  • Legumes
  • Pole sitao (snap beans and garden pea)
  • Black pepper
  • Garlic
  • Ginger
  • Onion
  • Chrysanthemum
  • Gladiolus
  • Anthuriums
  • Orchids
  • Statice
• High Value Crops (HVC)

  • Vegetables (lowland, upland, spices and indigenous)
  • Major fruits (mango, banana and pineapple)
  • Local/regional fruits with seasonal and local demand (durian, pili, cashew, etc.)
  • Industrial/plantation crops (coffee, cacao and rubber)
  • Alternative staple food crops (banana-saba and rootcrops)
• Land/Crop conversion needed to shift to high value crops
• Less diversity when shifting to high value crops
• Production costs for high value crops are higher and require more capital
• Organic Agriculture


  All agricultural systems that promote the ecologically sound, socially acceptable, economically viable and technically feasible production of food and fibers
• Organic agriculture dramatically reduces external inputs by refraining from the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and pharmaceuticals</b>