URINARY SYSTEM

• Urinary System


  Consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and a urethra
• Function of Urinary System

  • Excretion - Elimination of metabolic waste products
  • Regulation of blood volume and pressure - Adjusting the blood volume by controlling the amount of water that excreted and influences blood pressure to the renin
  • Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood - Maintaining proper levels of ion like sodium, potassium and others in the blood
  • Regulation of extracellular fluid pH - Helps in maintaining the body's acid base balance by regulation hydrogen and bicarbonate ions
  • Vitamin D synthesis - Converts inactive vitamin D into its active form, promoting calcium absorption and bone health
• Kidney


  • Bean-shaped organs; Vital organs responsible for various essential function in the body; Filters and eliminate various toxins and drugs from blood stream
• Parts of the Kidney

  • Renal capsule
  • Renal sinus
  • Renal cortex
  • Renal pelvis
  • Renal pyramids
  • Renal major calyx
  • Renal minor calyx
• Nephrons


  Functional unit of the kidney
• Parts of the Nephron

  • Renal corpuscle
  • Proximal tubule
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal tubule
• Glomerular filtrate


  Initially formed by the filtration of blood in the renal corpuscle within the kidney
• Ureters


  Small tubes that carry urine from the renal pelvis of the kidney
• Urinary bladder


  Hollow muscular container; Restored urine and depend on the quantity of urine
• Urethra


  Tube that exits the urinary bladder
• Urine


  Mostly water and contains organic waste products such as urea, acid and creatinine
• Filtration


  Movement of the water, ions and urine
• Micturition


  Less-often used for urination or voiding; It results from an interplay of involuntary and voluntary actions by the internal and external urethral sphincter
• Water is the primary component, making the majority of the urine
• Creatinine is resulting from the breakdown of the nucleic acid
• Uric acid is a by-product of protein metabolism
• Male urethra is 8 inches long
• Urinary System Terms


  • Nephr/o, ren/o - Kidney
  • Hydro/o - Water
  • Cyst/o - Bladder
  • Pyel/o - Renal collecting ducts
  • Ur/o, - uria - Urine
  • Olig/o - Scanty, less than normal
  • -pexy - To surgically reattach, fix in normal position
• Urinary system


  Consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and a urethra
• Function of urinary system

  • Excretion - elimination of metabolic waste products
  • Regulation of blood volume and pressure - adjusting the blood volume by controlling the amount of water that excreted and influences blood pressure to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
  • Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood - maintaining proper levels of ions like sodium, potassium and others in the blood
  • Regulation of extracellular fluid pH - helps in maintaining the body's acid base balance by regulation hydrogen and bicarbonate ions
  • Vitamin D synthesis - converts inactive vitamin D into its active form, promoting calcium absorption and bone health
• Kidney


  Bean-shaped organs; vital organs responsible for various essential function in the body; filters and eliminate various toxins and drugs from blood stream
• Parts of the kidney

  • Renal capsule - tough fibrous layers surrounding the kidney providing support and protection
  • Renal sinus - cavity within the kidney containing blood vessels, nerves, and the renal pelvis
  • Renal cortex - initial stage of urine formation take place
  • Renal pelvis - funnel shaped structure that collects urine from the calyces and directs it to the ureter
  • Renal pyramids - triangular shaped structures in the renal medulla containing nephrons and the function units of the kidney
  • Renal major calyx - larger subdivision of the renal pelvis, formed by converge of several minor calyces
  • Renal minor calyx - smaller cup shape structures within the kidney
• Urinary system


  Consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and a urethra
• Function of urinary system

  • Excretion - elimination of metabolic waste products
  • Regulation of blood volume and pressure - adjusting the blood volume by controlling the amount of water that excreted and influences blood pressure to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
  • Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood - maintaining proper levels of ions like sodium, potassium and others in the blood
  • Regulation of extracellular fluid pH - helps in maintaining the body's acid base balance by regulation hydrogen and bicarbonate ions
  • Vitamin D synthesis - converts inactive vitamin D into its active form, promoting calcium absorption and bone health
• Kidney


  • Bean-shaped organs; vital organs responsible for various essential function in the body; filters and eliminate various toxins and drugs from blood stream
  • Renal capsule - tough fibrous layers surrounding the kidney providing support and protection
  • Renal sinus - cavity within the kidney containing blood vessels, nerves, and the renal pelvis
  • Renal cortex - initial stage of urine formation take place
  • Renal pelvis - funnel shaped structure that collects urine from the calyces and directs it to the ureter
  • Renal pyramids - triangular shaped structures in the renal medulla containing nephrons and the function units of the kidney
  • Renal major calyx - larger subdivision of the renal pelvis, formed by converge of several minor calyces, collect urine from minor calyces and serve as conduits for transporting urine into the renal pelvis
  • Renal minor calyx - smaller cup shape structures within the kidney, collect urine from the renal papillae
  • Nephrons - functional unit of the kidney
  • Renal corpuscle - filters blood and form the glomerular filtrate
  • Proximal tubule - reabsorb water, ions and nutrients from the glomerular filtrate
  • Loop of henle - establish a concentration gradient in the medulla, aiding in water reabsorption
  • Distal tubule - fine tunes electrolyte balance and adjust pH of urine
  • Glomerular filtrate - initially formed by the filtration of blood in the renal corpuscle within the kidney
• Ureters


  • Small tubes that carry urine from the renal pelvis of the kidney
• Urinary bladder


  • Hollow muscular container; restored urine and depend on the quantity of urine
  • Internal sphincter - involuntary
  • External sphincter - voluntary
• Urethra


  • Tube that exits the urinary bladder
  • Male urethra - 8 inches long
• Urine


  Mostly water and contains organic waste products such as urea, acid and creatinine
• Filtration


  Movement of the water, ions and urine
• Micturition


  Less-often used for urination or voiding, results from an interplay of involuntary and voluntary actions by the internal and external urethral sphincter
• Water


  Primary component, making the majority of the urine
• Creatinine


  Resulting from the breakdown of the nucleic acid
• Uric acid


  By product of protein metabolism
• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)


  A hormone released from the pituitary gland that causes reabsorption of water in the kidneys, thus concentrating the urine
• Angiotensin


  A substance that increases blood pressure; activated in the blood by renin, an enzyme produced by the kidneys
• Calyx


  A cuplike cavity in the pelvis of the kidney; also calix (plural, calyces)
• Erythropoietin


  A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow
• Glomerular capsule


  The cup-shaped structure at the beginning of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and receives material filtered out of the blood
• Glomerular filtrate


  The fluid and dissolved materials that filter out of the blood and enter the nephron at the Bowman capsule