Global Governance

• Jurisdictional Gap:

  Uncertainty about which authority is responsible for a specific issue.
• Incentive Gap:

  • A misalignment of motivations that hinders desired behaviours.
• Participation Gap:

  • Disparities in engagement or involvement in various activities.
  • Often due to unequal access to or opportunities.
• Key Issues and Challenges - Global Governance:

  • Tensions between 'internationalism' (Free Trade, WTO) and 'nationalising' (Trump's 'America First' policies, BREXIT).
  • Actors who block or frustrate the management of collective affairs and interests (Russia cyber-attacks, military interventions).
  • Lack of knowledge/certainty/precedents (Climate Changes).
  • Issues with relying upon a 'normative vision'.
• The UN - Achievements:

  • Preventing World War 3
  • Humanitarian Assistance
  • Promoting international cooperation
• The UN - Weaknesses/Failures:

  • Ineffectiveness in Conflict Resolution
  • Bureaucracy and Inefficiency
  • limited Enforcement Power
• The UN - Overall Evaluation:

  • Made significant contributions to global stability, cooperation and humanitarian assistance.
  • Played a crucial role in preventing a third world war.
  • Has addressed numerous global issues successfully.
• The UN - Aid to Refugees:

  • The UN assist refugees and displaced people.
  • Provides shelter, food and support to those and support to those forced to leave their homes due to conflict or persecution.
• The UN - International Law and Diplomacy:

  • The UN serves as a forum for diplomatic negotiations and agreements between countries.
  • Facilitates dialogue and collaboration on various global issues.
• The UN - Disarmament and Non-Proliferation:

  • The UN works to reduce the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, as well as conventional arms.
  • Aims to create a more peaceful and secure world by promoting disarmament and control agreements.
• The UN - Humanitarian Assistance:

  • Provides humanitarian aid to countries and regions facing natural disasters, conflicts, or other crises.
  • Agencies such as the World Food Programme and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees play significant roles in this area.
• The UN - Environmental Protection:

  • They address environmental and sustainability issues through the United Nations Environment Programme and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
  • It promotes international cooperation to combat climate change and protect the environment.