NOTES

• active immunity

  • aquired when antigen enters body, triggering a specific immune repsonse- body produces memory cells, giving long term immunity

  natural active= aquired via exposure to pathogen

  artificial active=through vaccine
• passive immunity

  • aquired without an immune response, antibodies gained by another source but not produced by infected person
  • immune system not activated so no memory cells produced, cannot enable antibody productiin in secondary response

  natural passive=antibodies from mother via placenta or breastmilk

  artificial passive=antibodies are injected or transfused
• vaccines

  • contain antigens(via dead or weakened pathogen) put into body to induce artificial active immunity
  • creates long term immunity as memory cells are created, immune system will recognise antigens and produce antibodies faster and stronger in secondary response
• antigenic variation

  • vaccinations need constant modification to keep up with changes to antigens(result of mutations)