Week 3 part 1 The Deep Intrinsic Postvertebrals I

• Curtin University


  Trademark of Curtin University of Technology

  
• Musculature of the vertebral column

  The Deep Intrinsic Postvertebrals I

  
• Thoracolumbar fascia


  Deep investing membranes in the thorax and lumbar regions of the back

  
• Thoracolumbar fascia


  • Acts as a container for the epaxial mm in Lumbar and Thoracic regions
  • Made up of three fibrous layers
  • Reinforced by aponeuroses from several muscles

  
• Layers of thoracolumbar fascia

  • Anterior layer
  • Middle layer
  • Posterior layer
• Muscles that reinforce thoracolumbar fascia

  • Transversus abdominis
  • Internal oblique
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Serratus posterior inferior

  
• Cross section of Abdomen (lumbar)
• Vertebral column muscles


  • Prevertebral
  • Hypaxial
  • Postvertebral
  • Epaxial

  
• Epaxial muscles


  • Extrinsic
  • Deep
  • Intermediate
  • Superficial
• Intertransversarii and Interspinales


  The Deep Intrinsic Musculature
• Intertransversarii


  Muscles that run between transverse processes, anterior/posterior to intertransverse ligament
• Interspinales


  Muscles that run between spinous processes, lateral to interspinous ligament
• Intertransversarii and Interspinales


  Action: Proprioceptive
• Transversospinales


  Deep intrinsic muscles that include Semispinalis, Multifidus, and Rotatores
• Transversospinales


  • All run from transverse process inferiorly to spinous processes superiorly
  • Difference is how many vertebral segments they skip
• Semispinalis


  • Well developed in the thoracic and cervical regions
  • Attaches from transverse processes to spinous processes above, including skull

  
• Semispinalis action


  • Bilateral - extends head and thoracic/cervical spine
  • Unilateral - rotates to contralateral side

  
• Multifidus


  • Well developed in the lumbar region
  • Attaches from posterior sacrum to spinous process of C2
  • Fasciculi vary in length, with superficial travelling shorter distances and deeper travelling longer distances

  
• Multifidus action


  Extension of the superior vertebrae, proprioception (perhaps contralateral rotation and/or lateral flexion?)

  
• Multifidus controversy
• Rotatores


  • Well developed in the thoracic region
  • Extends from transverse process to lamina 1 or 2 segments above
• Rotatores action


  Postural control via proprioception, local intersegmental stabiliser, rotator
• Levatores Costarum


  The Deep Intrinsic Musculature
• Levatores Costarum


  • Longus and brevis components
  • Superior attachment: transverse process
  • Inferior attachment: inferior rib between angle and tubercle
• Levatores Costarum action


  Probably help in elevating the ribs in respiration and/or proprioception
• Levatores Costarum nerve
• Suboccipital muscles


  The Deep Intrinsic Musculature
• Suboccipital muscles


  • Rectus capitis posterior minor
  • Rectus capitis posterior major
  • Obliquus capitis superior
  • Obliquus capitis inferior
• Rectus capitis posterior minor

  Attaches from posterior arch of C1 to medial inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

  
• Rectus capitis posterior major

  Attaches from spinous process of C2 to lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

  
• Rectus capitis posterior action

  • Bilateral contraction - extends the head at atlanto-occipital joint
  • Unilateral contraction - rotates the head to the same side at atlanto-axial joint

  
• Obliquus capitis superior


  Attaches from transverse process of C1 to inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

  
• Obliquus capitis inferior


  Attaches from spinous process of C2 to transverse process of C1
• Obliquus capitis action


  • Bilateral contraction - flexes the head at atlanto-occipital joint
  • Unilateral contraction - rotates the head at atlanto-occipital joint
• Proprioception of the spine
• Why are these muscles well placed to perform proprioceptive function?
• Copyright notice
• What is the complement system primarily known for?

  It assists in killing bacteria.
• Why is the complement system named so?

  It complements the action of antibodies.
• In what types of immune responses is the complement system important?

  Both innate and acquired immune responses.