AOS1

• Body Movement


  The human body (adult) has 206 bones in it. Each and every one provides sites for muscle attachment which insist in movement. The bones act as levers and work with the muscular system to create movement. When a muscle contracts, it pulls on the bones to which it is attached and thus movement occurs. Any irregularity on a bones surface provides a possible site for muscle attachment.
• Framework


  The skeleton provides a solid framework for the body and helps battle the forces of gravity. Everyone has a solid skeleton, but the differences in people's posture indicate the interdependence of the skeletal and muscular systems in maintain correct posture. Although this can be affected by diseases or conditions.
• Protection


  The strong protective skeletal layer provides protection for many vital organs. This particularly evident when the rib cage is examined. This is naturally enclosing shell effectively protects the heart and lunges from all but the most traumatic of injuries.
• Mineral Storage


  Bone tissue effectively stores number of minerals that are important for health. Calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium all contribute to the health and maintenance of bone tissue as well as carrying out other roles in the body. Calcium also assisted with the muscular activity. Calcium is stored in bones but can help the muscles, calcium makes strong bones giving the outcome of strong bones not prone to breaking, we can achieve our regular calcium intake by consuming things like dairy such as milk, cheese and yoghurt.
• Red Blood Cell Production

  Essential production of new blood cells occurs within the cavity of long bones. Production levels are high during growth years, diminishing as age increase and the need for high rates of blood cells decreases. Such cells are essential for oxygen transportation throughout the body. Haemoglobin, a protein inside red blood cells, transport oxygen molecules from the lungs to the body, Much of an adults bone cavity is filled with yellow bone marrow, which is a source of long term-energy.
• Long Bones


  Are longer than they are wide, and a hollow shaft which contains bone marrow in it. For example our femur, phalanges humerus, ulna, radius, meta-carpals.
• Short Bones


  Are roughly cubical, with the same width and length for example carpals of wrists and tarsals for the foot.
• Irregular Bones


  Have no regular shape, characteristics; for example, vertebrae and bones of the face. Nose bone, eye sockets.
• Sesamoid Bones


  Small bines that are developed in tendons around some joints; for example, our patella at the knee joint. Bones don't attach it'll be engulfed or engaged with a tendon.
• Flat Bones


  Provide flat areas for muscle attachment and usually enclose cavities for protecting organs; for example, scapula, rib cage, sternum, skull. Muscles of the pectoral will all eventually connect to the sternum.
• Cancellous Bone


  Also described as spongy bone, being less dense that compact the bone which provides some of the shock absorption required at the end of long bones or at the edges of more irregular bones.
• Compact Bone


  Which is found in the shaft or diaphysis of long bines, this comparatively solid bone surrounds the cavity of the long bone, offering an extremely strong structures that gives the body its rigid framework, Collagen is a an essential ingredient in providing compact bones rigidity and tensile strength.
• Cartilage


  Smooth, slightly elastic tissue found in various forms within the body. Hyaline cartilage coats the ends of the bones in synovial joints. Discs of cartilage separate the vertebrae of spine. The ribs attach to the sternum via cartilage. The hard part of the ear and the tip of the nose are also cartilage.
• Ligaments


  Ligaments cross over joints, joining bone to bone. Their slight elasticity allows small movement from the bones of the joint. The main function of ligaments is to provide stability at the joint, preventing dislocation. If ligaments are seriously damaged in an accident, they may not be able to repair themselves and may repair surgery.
• Tendons


  Tendons are inelastic are very strong, allowing movement by helping muscles pull through the joints and on the bones. The bicep muscle is an example of a muscle that works through two joints. It has two tendinous origins at the scapula (allowing the humorous to flex away from the body,) and the tendinous insertion into the radius in the forearm allows the forearm to flex upward towards the humerus.
• Connective Tissues


  Plays an important role in function of both the skeletal and muscular systems. It is classed as soft tissue because it does not have the rigidity if vie whereas it does have the flexibility of soft tissue with the strength that collage provides. Both skeletal and muscular system.
• Vertebral Column


  The vertebrae increase in size as it progresses down the body. This helps them support the weight and posture of the body. Movement between two vertebrae is very limited. But the range of movement of the vertebral Column is great allowing bending and twisting. Intervertebral discs separate each of the vertebrae in the cervical, thoracis and lumbar regions. They absorb shock caused by movement and allow the vertebral column to bend and twist.
• Fibrous joints


  (immoveable) joints offer no movement, examples as skull, pelvis, sacrum, sternum.
• Cartilaginous joints


  (slightly moveable) joints are joined by cartilage and allow small movement
• Synovial joints


  (freely moveable) joints offer a full range of movement ab dove freely in at least one direction. Examples include knee or shoulder.
• 6 different types of Synovial joints

  • Gliding joints
  • Hinge joints
  • Pivot joints
  • Condyloid joints
  • Saddle joints
  • Ball and socket joints
• Anatomical Position


  Refers to standing straight up, facing forward with arms by the side and plans facing forward.
• A variety of movements can occur at synovial joints, these are called anatomical movements.