Cation and anion tests

• Mg2+


  No flame test

  adding Dil. NaOH: slight white, white in XS
• Ca2+ 


  flame: orange-red

  dil. NaOH: slight white
• Sr2+ 


  Flame: red

  dil. NaOH: slight white
• Ba2+


  Flame: Pale green

  dil. NaOH: no reaction
• Cu2+ 


  Flame: blue green

  dil. NaOH: blue precipitate
• Fe2+ 


  Flame:

  dil. NaOH: Green precipitate
• Fe3+


  Flame:

  dil. NaOH: Orange precipitate
• Li*


  Flame: Red

  dil. NaOH:
• Na+


  Flame: yellow

  dil. NaOH:
• K+


  Flame: lilac

  dil. NaOH:
• NH4+


  gas that changes damp red litmus paper blue
• F-


  Add HNO3 & AgNO3:

  reducing with H2SO4:only to NaHSO4 + HF
• Cl-


  Add HNO3 & AgNO3: white precipitate

  reducing with H2SO4: only to NaHSO4 + HCl
• Br- 


  Add HNO3 & AgNO3: cream precipitate

  reducing with H2SO4: redox with Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O
• I- 


  Add HNO3 & AgNO3: yellow precipitate

  reducing with H2SO4: also reduces to H2S as SO2 + HI -> H2S + I2 + H2O
• (CO3)2-


  Add acid (HNO3) and bubbles will form as CO2 which can be checked with limewater turning cloudy
• (SO4)2-


  Dilute HCl and BaCl2 produces a white precipitate
• OH- 


  Turns damp red litmus paper blue